4. 4. the traditional view of management. It was inspired by Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and its roots are also based in the Motivation Theory. 3. ignore the security needs of his employees. It increases employee turnover. Only when these needs are met can people focus their attention on satisfying the next level of needs. As part of this theory, managers must be able to motivate employees. Although new theories and practices have emerged regarding the theme, the foundations and principles of motivation are from a long time ago. In contrast to Theory Y, McGregor suggested that conventional managers assume that people are lazy (which he called Theory X), avoid responsibility, and need coercion and control. However, neither of these extremes is optimal. Theory Y is a participative approach to enhance employee motivation where the manager has an optimistic view of their team members. Nathaniel Hawthorne. On the other hand, managers who adopt Theory Y assumptions shape systems where trust in people is one of the central pillars. Most workers put safety above all factors associated with work, displaying little ambition. Each week she schedules posts for Instagram and Facebook and reports engagement data to her manager. Each location has a manager who runs the location as they see fit. It increases overhead costs for companies. Theory X managers assumes that "the average human being has an inherit dislike of work and will avoid it if he can" (McGregor, 1960, p 33) and because of this "most people must . Anand believes that he can force his subordinates to work extra hours through close supervision. Disclaimer: Reliance on this material and any related provision is at your sole risk. Is there an internal conflict between team members? The other group belongs to theory Y and are participative and to them, work is as natural as play. 2. Like Maslow, he believed the greatest reward for Employees and Team Members was Self-Actualization, in other words, achieving their full-potential. If you are of the belief that your team members dislike their work and have little motivation towards their work, then your style of management is most likely to be authoritarian. 1. If we take as an example extrinsic (X) and intrinsic (Y) motivations and their context dependence. 4. These cookies do not store any personal information. The clothing retailer has achieved success by empowering its employees to make their own decisions and follow their passions. 5 What was the ultimate result of the Hawthorne studies? His major writings are cited along with two volumes which were actually published several years after his death by Bennis, Caroline McGregor, and Schein. 5. Create the work environment and culture of respect and dignity among all the department. Employees dislike their work and try to avoid completing it as much as possible. A problem 3. workers are not capable of self-control. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website and provide a relevant marketing for you. He referred to these opposing motivational methods as Theory X and Theory Y management. Theory X and Theory Y: Which Enhances the Staffs Performance Better? "Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory." This is an example of an intrinsic reward. According to McGregor, Theory X managementassumes the following: Essentially, Theory X assumes that the primary source of employee motivation is monetary, with security as a strong second. Employees prefer making decisions themselves and also solving problems creatively. The first part of McGregors theory is Theory X. Once those needs have been satisfied, the motivation disappears. 5. Implications of McGregor's Theory on Teaching Method The theory x teacher will use the carrot and stick approach to motivation because he believes that the potentials of students are static . C. people will seek and accept responsibility. Herzberg's hygiene factors. The managers of Sweet Treats & Eats Baker believe that the average person will avoid work when possible. 3. the average worker has little ambition. Employees under this theory seek responsibility as motivational drivers. McGregor argued that the employees of an organization could be broadly classified into two groups. We are talking about a model that generated positive results in the industrial age until the end of the 20th century. A)the traditional view of management.B)the humanistic view of management.C)Herzberg's hygiene factors.D)Herzberg's motivational factors.E)the equity theory. McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to:A. the traditional view of management. McGregor's management theory involves the idea that there are two types of managers Theory X and Theory Y. Reduce a company's operating expenses Likely to increase overhead costs for business The database is updated daily, so anyone can easily find a relevant essay example. 1. 1. decrease in productivity regardless of supervision What was the ultimate result of the Hawthorne studies? In managing his employees, he is most likely to: See also the article about Assertive Techniques and Self Confidence. The capacity for creativity spreads throughout organizations. Theory X holds that employees are inherently disinclined to work and needed to be strictly controlled. They are popularly known as 'Theory X' and 'Theory Y'. Turn your workplace into a happy workplace! 2. The financial incentive does not motivate all employees. 5. a system that allows employees to choose to work part of a week from home. Responsibility for their own learning will be as natural to the students as other responsibilities. Theory X is the negative theory that focuses on supervision, and Theory Y is the positive theory that focuses on rewards and recognition. More autonomy, more purpose, and mastery items mentioned inDaniel Pinks book (Drive)are just three of a series of items mentioned when we talk about motivation, engagement, and happiness at work. 1. a four-day or shorter period in which employees work 40 hours. McGregor's X-Y theory is a salutary and simple reminder of the natural rules for managing people, which under the pressure of day-to-day business are all too easily forgotten. Motivation refers to doing something to entice an employee to attract his or her attention to do the work better and increase production. Herzberg's motivational factors. A goal Theory Y does no better than Theory X. Theory X and Theory Y describe two very different attitudes toward workforce motivation. People usually accept and often seek responsibility. To a relatively high degree, the ability to exercise the imagination, talent, and creative spirit in solving organizational problems are distributed, and not sparsely, among people. Workers are eager to participate in decision-making. To McGregor, a steady supply of motivation seemed more likely to occur underTheory Y management. 4. when two people do one job. 2. McClelland's need for achievement underlies Maslow's self-actualization. Theory X and Theory Y were part of McGregor's philosophy of management, which represented a fundamental change in management thought and practice. 3.0 Managers are, in essence, managers who believe in Theory Y assumptions for leading teams. 2. 4. Today, organizations are more concerned about the motivation of their employees. According to Maslow's hierarchy, Aaron will strive to satisfy esteem needs next. Perhaps the most noticeable aspects of McGregor's XY Theory - and the easiest to illustrate - are found in the behaviours of autocratic managers and organisations which use autocratic management styles. 5. the humanistic view of management. Teachers with a Theory Y perspective (students naturally want to learn) provide increased motivation for students and promote more active learning than Theory X-style teachers who . Most people are not ambitious, have little desire for responsibility, and prefer to be directed. Theory Y Abraham Maslow's "Hierarchy of Needs" is "the most generally mentioned theory of motivation and satisfaction (Weihrich & Koontz, 1999).". Maslow indicated that when a need is not satisfied, then it needs motivation. Identify which of McGregor's Theory X or Theory Y corresponds with the following statement: 1. are not intrinsically motivated. 4. This demonstrates Olivia's morale. Students are not motivated to learn new information. 5. It takes into consideration, the pessimistic behaviour of an average human being, who is less ambitious and inherently lazy. One day, she decides to compare the company's engagement data against the company's top competitor and shares the insights with her boss. Managers with Theory X attitudes hold that subordinates dislike work, avoid work if they can, and show little ambition. The next part of McGregors theory is Theory Y. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. 2. The instructor is responsible for actively sharing their knowledge with the students. Employees demand high centralization and control from their managers. Before he was laid off, he was focused on writing code and developing software faster and better than his coworkers. 2. flextime. Theory Z These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Motivation is a topic that is being discussed more and more as the world continues to change at an exponential rate. 4. 4. likely to increase overhead costs for businesses. Allowing some employees to work at home part-time is: Theory X However, beyond this commonality, theattitudes and assumptionsthey embody are quite different. How to apply Theory X and Y in the workplace. E. the average worker does not like to be directed. Douglas McGregor, one of Maslow 's students, influenced the study of motivation with his formulation of two contrasting sets of assumptions about human nature Theory X and Theory Y. All of the following are ways to retain good employees except: 5. the average worker prefers to be directed. Employees under this theory are self-motivated and enjoy ownership of work. 1. 2. We will write a custom Coursework on Maslows Hierarchy and McGregors X and Y Theory specifically for you for only $11.00 $9.35/page. Theory X managers focus on the high-level needs, while Theory Y managers focus on the low-level needs. 4. Douglas McGregor influenced the study of motivation with his formulation of two contrasting sets of assumptions about human naturedesignated Theory X and Theory Y. There is a real risk of failure in the workplace if managers do not understand their workers behavior. Employees need to be involved in all aspects of company decision making to keep them motivated. B. the humanistic view of management.C. 3. McGregor's Theory X & Y describe divergent managerial beliefs about what motivated employees. Work is inherently distasteful to most people, and they will attempt to avoid work whenever possible. Which management theory does Freedom Clothing follow? If team members perform well under control, an authoritative management style can be used. Theory X and Theory Y are still referred to commonly in the field of management and motivation, and whilst more recent studies have questioned the rigidity of the model, Mcgregor's X-Y Theory remains a valid basic principle from which to develop positive management style and techniques. Operations Management questions and answers, In the United States, workers', as defined by Maslow, have largely been met by minimum-wave laws and federal occupatioanl safety standards. Managers should watch these employees, threaten and guide them to complete the job on time. William Ouchi. Jobs are more satisfying when employees are provided with greater perks. But what does it mean in practice? This arrangement is called: All of the following are benefits of this type of scheduling except it: It increases the workload for employees who take the option. Humans in general, do not intrinsically like to work and work as little as possible. 1. job rotation. 1. serves customers better by allowing more coverage of customers over longer hours. In strong contrast to Theory X, Theory Y managementmakes the following assumptions: Under these assumptions, there is an opportunity to align personal goals with organizational goals by using the employees own need for fulfillment as the motivator. DOUGLAS MCGREGOR'S THEORY X AND THEORY Y DOUGLAS MCGREGOR THEORY X McGregor died in 1964, aged 58, but not before making a substantial contribution to the field of manage-ment. In his 1960 book, The Human Side of Enterprise, McGregor proposed two theories by which managers perceive and address employee motivation. 1. by offering flextime to all employees The theory overgeneralizes how an employee behaves in a work environment. Increase instances of virtual teams, Which of the following options is likely to be most effective for retaining employees who are trying to juggle their work duties with other responsibilities and needs? 1. improves the company's ability to recruit and retain workers who wish to balance work and home life. 5. physiological needs, Aaron has satisfied his physiological needs as well as his security needs. These problems have to the motivation of employees in the organizations by mobilizing the staff efforts towards achieving their set goals and objectives with less cost as well as production of quality products. Herzberg's hygiene factors. 2. creating a work-friendly environment. Workers are willing to accept challenges and are proud of the work that they do. Sadly these cookies aren't the yummy kind, but the kind that help improve your website experience. 2. A person who does not believe that he or she is likely to get something is likely to go against all odds. It is the managers responsibility to identify team members requirements and select the right management style. At the weekly management meeting, Dakota is recognized by his boss for a job well done on a recent project. Maslow believes that higher level needs can be met through a . Most people are self-centered. By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. C. a Theory Z manager according to Ouchi. Theory Y takes into account people's needs for companionship, esteem, and personal growth, whereas Theory X does not. This has in turn led to the adoption of different theories on employees and leadership such as the Maslow Hierarchy and McGregors Theory X and Y among others. 2. salary After identifying the issue, analyze the employees needs and wants. Theory X is a traditional model of motivation and management. 5. 2. self-actualization needs After employing a particular theory, monitor its performance. 5. 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