Heroes of 2020 What Marcus Rashford's campaign for hungry children tells us about . Cheap ass presentism. The Benin Dialogue Group announced it had brokered an agreement that will see "some of the most iconic" of the bronzes returned to Benin City, Nigeria, where they will be housed in the soon-to-be-built Benin Royal Museum. Now they do. Pretty much everybody in the West is against slavery. The South Sea bubble, the greatest financial crash of the 18th century, was intimately connected to Britains dealings with Africa, though this is rarely acknowledged by historians. And that still stands even if there really are a bunch of torturing murderers out there too. One person who had a huge impact on Britain was Olaudah Equiano, an enslaved man who bought his freedom and wrote compellingly about his experiences. So is Richard Murphy. I was uncomfortable using it. Black and British: A Forgotten History addresses one of the greatest silences in British historiography. You might have heard of a Romano-British chap called Patrick, got enslaved and nabbed to Ireland? Those aged 11-14 have to be taught about the British Empire between 1745-1901, however the slave trade is one of nine examples given by the Department of Education on what can be taught. That hes able to write this article is because hes living in what is, by historical standards, a remarkably tolerant society. As Black British History Month draws to a close, TV historian Prof David Olusoga looks at the impact it's had - and how young people are taking it on. The evidence of this is that seasoned slaves, those exposed to the environment, sold for up to 50% more than new ones. Purely speculatively, and as a matter of prediction rather than judging whats best, its hard to imagine large-scale reparations ever being adopted in Blighty because the ratio of losers to winners with the vote (presuming eg British Asians would be ineligible for compensation) is going to remain unfavourable and the cost of reparations across the relevant parts of the old Empire (if youre compensating British Jamaicans, presumably youre going to compensate all the Jamaicans in Jamaica once youve accepted the principle) would be considerable. During the Second World War, thousands of black American soldiers stationed in Britain were befriended by white Britons who opposed efforts by the white military to segregate them. Under English law, damages are assessed as being that amount needed to restore them to the position they would have been, had the event claimed against not occurred. While I dont think they persuaded anyone, they did shift perspectives a bit. I suspect that whether records could prove it or not, its overwhelmingly likely to be true, especially since high-status individuals tend to make a bigger contribution to the gene pool. . But any planter who deliberately starved his slaves to death would quickly go bust. Within the EU the two most common ages of consent are 14 and 15 (if Ive done my counting correctly), though in some but not all cases thats with additional restrictions on permissible age gaps. Joining them is Psychologist and Lecturer at Lancaster University, Dr David Tod, for a fascinating conversation about the psychology of acting. There is the Push argument and the Pull argument. Whitey bad, give me cash? Cotton was a completely different slave economy. If Olusoga is looking for apologies or compensation for slavery, I am quite prepared to meet him, accept his apology, togehr with cash, cheque or even a postal order. You know, entirely ignoring lifetime effects? It was the first of the slave narratives that I'd ever read and I found it astonishing.". Pretty much everybody in the West is against slavery. You can pay all the reparation for historical slavery related wrongs, real or imaginary, you want. Supported by African authors of slave narratives such as Olaudah Equiano and Ottabah Cugoano, they held meetings all over the country, attracting huge crowds. Britain should be proud of helping to stop (African to America) slavery, like the Republican Party and unlike the Democrats. They included Josiah Wedgwood (the pottery entrepreneur), Granville Sharp and Thomas Clarkson. White people will take it. "The way history is viewed is changing. 2023 BBC. Its entirely possible to think something was awful without feeling the slightest twinge of guilt or personal responsibility. David will . The best and brightest minds in the UK defended Stalins slavery. Dont know if I would rule it out entirely because the demographics are different but it might need a change in the voting dynamics. A newsletter showcasing the finest writing from the ideas section, covering political ideas, philosophy, criticism and intellectual history - sent every Wednesday. Get back to us when your sin/privilege is expunged. Slavery is bad or it isnt. We could just cut to the chase, and impose a reparations tax on anyone who is descended from from anyone who did something, er, wrong. The German survivors of Stalingrad were sent to camps and most of them worked to death. The Russians do not have these problems because they are not ashamed. He was born in Nigeria but arrived in the . 7 years was the average working lifespan so it is said. Welsh slave-raids into England continued until early Norman times. By David Dabydeen (Photo By Alamy) Nineteen eighty-four was a transformative year for David Olusoga. It's against this backdrop that Black British History Month was created. He also studied at the University of Liverpool and so benefits from slavery as much as anyone else. I hadnt gotten far when she stopped me cold, pointing out that her best friend, a 15 year old girl knitting beside a window in her house, was machine gunned by an American P-51 pilot. Like I said, as a mental exercise, if I do my best good faith effort to imagine an argument for reparations, I reckon it would concern harms committed by the state (which unlike the slave traders and owners, is still about today) and an argument that it breached some alleged fundamental/universal doctrine of law so that even the states efforts to put the slave industry on a legal footing were null and void. "They were barely known even to historians. Exactly, bis. How does importing new labour from West Africa solve the food shortage in the West Indies? Maybe heard of Saint Balthild, seventh-century English lass sold into slavery, exported to the Continent, served in a palace and ended up marrying the Frankish King?). Prof Olusoga, the presenter of the A House Through Time TV series, calls it an act of "historical salvage" to bring to the fore the black British figures who had been "lost in the archives, completely forgotten". But its still awful, even on a historical scale.. Very often shaped by the political, technological and economic forces of the times if the Western way of life had remained utterly dependent on Roman-style slavery, Im not sure wed ever have abolished it even amongst our own inhabitants. Thy did not try to grow or raise the next generation. Nevertheless, we live in a society that generally regards slavery as an absolute and eternal wrong, and a grave one at that, yet which has historically (at least certain people and places, and including the state itself) benefited from imposing slavery on others.. (I suppose it makes a point about blame not being distributed homogeneously, or that a certain group of people shouldnt be guilted just because they share the same colour of skin with another bunch of people you do think are guilty. So my advice would be, for his own health, STFU. Eventually, 11,000 separate British slave-trading expeditions resulted in the trafficking of three-and-a-half-million Africans to the New World plantations, the greatest forced migration in modern history until the 20th century. Olusoga, who is half-Nigerian, traces this focus to his mother telling him when he was a child that Nigerian soldiers served in World War II. That assumes an increase in demand. MyBurningEars August 30, 2020 at 3:31 pm Deliberately shipping that many people that far in order to participate in a newly-created society whose economic system was designed, pretty much from the ground up, around slave labour?, True that unlike certain other examples of slavery, you werent likely to be killed as part of a religious sacrifice or as part of your owners funeral., But there have been other societies with slavery where slaves had more autonomy and a greater chance of buying their freedom.. It costs money to replace them and after a famine the price of slaves would rise. . And tolerance is not a given. Its been banned for two centuries in Britain. Those who grew rich on slavery and the slave trade were not neutral and no achievement or act of philanthropy justifies airbrushing their involvement from history. . And yet Africans and West Indians were banned from the victory parade in 1919. I think it's an astonishing achievement.". "They look to history not just for inspiration and comfort, not just for heroes and for glorious chapters; they look for history expecting to find challenging stories, painful stories, dark truths, villains as well as heroes. Thats what I dont like about the angle of Tims header. If someone from Portugal or France wants to explain why their country has done a better job of getting the balance right, Im open to hearing it. The economics of the slave trade may have meant that it was cheaper to work someone to death rather than allowing him a comfortable old age. I personally dont find that as convincing as the case that slaves themselves deserved compensation, and while there were strong political and practical reasons owners were compensated upon abolition but not their former slaves, it doesnt leave a great moral taste in the mouth that twas so. Britain's role in the transatlantic slave trade is part of the national curriculum, although it is not statutory. Duke University professor, William Darity Jr, and writer, Kirsten Mullen, jointly published a report for The Roosevelt Institute, an American liberal think tank, laying out a case for slavery reparations. He is the author of the 2016 book Black and British: A Forgotten History, which was awarded both the Longman-History Today Trustees Award 2017 and the PEN Hessell-Tiltman Prize 2017. TV historian David Olusoga claims it is "palpable nonsense" to say that removing controversial statues "somehow impoverishes history". He presents a one sided and biased picture of slavery which takes no account of the African participation in it. But as someone who is damaged by slavery I have lived in racially mixed communities and I am happy to see Obama and Kamala pay up. When I met her, ~1995, I started asking her questions about the war, as I thought she was a fabulous resource of information. She had no interest in esoteric discussions of the war. Vikings took slaves, including exporting Anglo-Saxons (you must have heard the quote Non Angli, sed Angeli about the English slaves being sold in Italy? many African tribes kept slaves. This is indeed tu quoque. Fought to STOP southern independence. Two men managed to escape and were rescued, but not before my great, great, grandfather was beaten, starved and worked to death, his body thrown into the jungle for the animals and insects to dispose of. If one disproves his assertions would slavery then be okay? I had a girlfriend whose mother was a Nazi. And I dont think this is what reparations campaigners are calling for either, as I understand it their argument includes systematic legacy issues not just the period of slavery itself, so the harm relates more directly to them not just their ancestors. The reason why Equiano is not a national name is because slavery is not a part of the history that we teach when it should be because I don't think you can understand the 18th century in particular but also the 19th century without reference to slavery.". She wasnt interested in my academic pursuit. Certainly they killed them casually often for religious reasons. Both groups today, especially the former, could reasonably claim historic persecution has reduced their present income and wealth. That is not true. Nineteen eighty-four affected him in another way: the publication of Peter Fryers groundbreaking Staying Power: The History of Black People in Britain introduced him to the scholarship needed to understand his position in Britain. I know. I have done nothing. If there were African states with legal continuity to those political entities which established and encouraged the African slave markets, they would be on the hook too, but theres a discontinuity due to colonialism and besides, everyone knows to sue the rich guy not the poor guy. It seems absurd to me that anyone should be concerned about what happened 200 or 500 years ago. Davids all done. Check out the trailer for Peter Pan & Wendy, an upcoming live-action movie directed by David Lowery. arguments are pretty weak since relying on a doctrine of virtues of the fathers risks implicitly accepting sins of the fathers.. Equiano is also mentioned in Incomparable World, a novel by SI Martin, which was selected by Booker award-winning author Bernardine Evaristo for her Black Britain: Writing Back series. Olusoga has benefited from and added significantly to the work of Fryer and other historians such as James Walvin. Rather that certain western states, still in existence therefore potentially still liable, regulated and indeed encouraged the development of both the transatlantic slave trade and the slave-labour economic systems of the colonies, at scales that were unusual in the long and varied history of slavery, and levels of brutality that stood out too. No? What would happen to that money, who knows, but as its (or was) your money, thats between you and your grifter of choice. Prof Olusoga says statues, such as those of slave traders . They organised a boycott of sugar, produced more petitions and hosted meetings. Get back to me in seven years, when youre ready to order. Whether they are too stupid to think of that remains to be seen. Forbes magazine's extraordinarily arrogant contributor Tim Worstall Jeremy Corbyn. That may have caused more violence. Should black history be taught all year round? His black half can get the half-payment direct from his white half. Anglo-Saxons had slaves. Black history: Should it be part of the wider curriculum? But maybe they did not. It's all down to people in their 20s, those at school and in their teens, who have a relationship with history which, says Prof Olusoga, is profoundly different from that of their parents and grandparents. There is no reason to single White people out for unique levels of criticism. The argument isnt whether historical slavery was right or wrong or who should accept responsibility for it. The rest apart from Ireland (17, partly due to influence of aforementioned Patrick) set it younger. Just how much should Olusoga receive? If more African-Americans started to vote Republican and the Democrats felt they needed something radical to boost their offer, and had enough support from liberal whites and other groups to risk further losses among blue-collar whites, for example. What difference has it made? The Royal African Company, established by Charles II in 1672, eventually enslaved and transported more Africans than any other company in British history. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. Though I dont know where wed get $12 trillion in Confederate currency. It does not take people long to starve to death and slaves were paid for. Surely the US has already spent much more than that on black Americans. Theres an argument about judging people by the standard of their times, though even in the 1500s moral and religious objections to the slave trade had been made and the rationale of crimes against humanity is that some things are so abhorrent they could never truly be legal no matter what moral code the perpetrators justified themselves with. He is the undisputed King of the Internet Pedants and Lord of the Unnecessary Snark. It built slave forts on the African coast, some such as Bunce Island in Sierra Leone furnished with a rape house. I imagine few do. Shipwrecked off the coast of Africa, he, and other survivors, were taken by an African tribe as captives. We do not know how great the demand for women was. Would also apply even if down a different family line there had been beneficiaries of the slave trade. He was Chairman of Moneysupermarket Group from 2014 to 2019 and Senior Independent Director of Close Brothers Group plc from 2006 to 2014 and is a Past President of the Chartered Management Institute. It could not have happened at all unless African traders and kings had offered slaves to the Europeans. David Olusoga meets Janice Haber and her family, the descendents of Jewish . In America few were castrated, which is why there are now >40 million descendants there. Latin America for instance. Pretty sure if you could, implausibly, trace my family tree through various not-very-literate eras youd pass through at least one Anglo-Saxon who owned a bunch of Britons. As would Beyonce. If you want to pay more tax, just write a cheque to HMRC and send it off. Then a young teenager, he was driven out of his council home, together with his grandmother, mother, two sisters and younger brother, by a sustained campaign of nightly stoning of their windows. But morals are very transient things. Africans had a demand for female slaves. I have a peeve about the BBC genealogical show Who do you think you are? which I dont know whether has been inflected upon the Left Pond. Not sure theyd do that with modern sensibilities mind you. P rofessor David Olusoga is reviewing a disorientating year from a familiar place: his white-painted study, the one with the guitars hanging from its walls. Nor do I think that sugar is worse than cotton. This is nothing to do with slavery or as with black lives matter, blacks being shot, and everything to do with a shakedown of the white man. I doubt that they are now firmly united in a common cause. "I have," he admits, "a habit of . The people in Portland, Seattle and Kenosha are too decadent to fight back. It can be withdrawn. Olusoga unloads all sorts of characterizations. Such sources give his writing freshness, originality and compassion. The exception is Tim Worstall, who is truly the Ron Jeremy of blogging. But its still awful, even on a historical scale. 5 quotes from David Olusoga: 'On a peninsula protruding into one of the great highways of the Atlantic slave trade, a few hundred refugees from British slavery in North America were attempting to recreate the social structures of Northern Europe in the Middle Ages.', 'Time and again events and phenomena that we think we know and understand contain within them lost or camouflaged connections to . Their demands should simply be refused. "I first read it as a student and it struck me as something that was very different to other things I was reading about the Atlantic slave trade. David Olusoga's Family David Olusoga, age 49 was born to a Nigerian father and a British mother. White people are unique in ending slavery across the world*. There is an alternative argument that it is their ancestors who were wronged hence deserve compensation and as descendants theyre entitled to an inherited share (so their portion depends on how many slaves at what position in the family tree) plus interest, regardless of how well theyre doing now. The historian and producer said he wanted to. Particularly as nowadays anyone who dares even look at someone a few days below the age of consent is believed to be an incorrigible nonce who deserves hanging, castration, or castration by hanging. The publication in 1852 of Uncle Toms Cabin, by the American abolitionist Harriet Beecher Stowe, swelled national sympathy for the plight of black slaves. A weekly newsletter helping you fit together the pieces of the global economic slowdown. Thats before you get on to the Khoisan and the Zulus, the Carthaginians and Romans, the Vikings versus pretty much anyone else who lived within raiding distance, Theres a fundamental weakness with all theories of universal law or justice, which is that across time and space, the human conception of what is right and just seems to be extremely varied and rarely (to modern Western eyes) pleasant. I assume he is not very bright and Race Hustling is very lucrative. It wasnt always so & it may not be in the future. Then the adult men became profitable too. One issue about Westerners buying slaves via a chain of commerce that often ultimately involved Africans selling other Africans at traditional slave-trading locations (there was some slave-raiding by Europeans directly, but rarer) is that the extra demand distorted the market, led directly to more armed slave-raiding expeditions against rival tribes and so on. Again, not that these market forces absolve the sellers of a moral responsibility, but there is an argument occasionally deployed that slaves would have been slaves anyway. Separated from home and family and landed in the West Indies (countless numbers dying of suffocation during the journey, given that the people traffickers were packing the holds to maximise profits), the Africans had no recourse to the law, much less the conscience of their captors. Writing in english is cultural appropriation so STFU. His exposure to Nigerian culture seems quite limited. And so, equipped with the fruits of Islamic learning (new navigational instruments, books on astronomy and trigonometry), European explorers set sail for Africa to relieve the natives of their gold. And yes, grand scheme of things, forced choice between living in a central Asian city about to be captured by ticked-off Mongols and an African tribal group about to be captured by profit-hungry slavers then fine, I take the latter hands down. Then, in October, came a breakthrough. Your email address will not be published. ", TV historian rejects 'nonsense' over keeping statues, What Black History Month is - and why it matters. It may not. Its very noticable how nobodys mentioning that the Spanish Empire were doing this for several centuries before the British got involved. I cant see the point of denying it was all pretty awful. Hey, we do not even have to go that far. Theres a flaw in arguments of the form frankly you should be glad I murdered your sister, since had I not done so, its quite possible though we cannot be sure that someone else would have tortured her then murdered her, which is even worse, so whos the real criminal? Which is that I still murdered your sister. Olusoga was born in Lagos to a White mother and a Nigerian father - who, I hate to say nautrally, did a runner. By a Senegalese author: The veiled genocide = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jxc5ENT8ajg, MyBurningEars August 30, 2020 at 11:52 am Slavery within West African societies being different again I dont think the places with very high rates of local slavery were anything like the sugar plantations. Even discussing it gives your opponents arguments merit. I do not see what is different between a plantation in Africa and a plantation in Virginia. The government has said the "flexibility within the history curriculum means that there is the opportunity for teachers to teach about BAME (Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic) history across a spectrum of themes and eras" so it did "not believe it was necessary to change the curriculum". Not see what is, by historical standards, a remarkably tolerant society, did... He, and other survivors, were taken by an African tribe as.... 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