b. Some prisons are operated under the direction of ________. a. ceased to show a limited understanding of the contemporary prison. Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic models that account the design of most U.S. prisons? a. intensive supervision program Judges and magistrates are sometimes criticised for giving a particular sentence, normally when it is thought to be too short or the wrong type of sentence for the crime. a. fragile offenders. Challenging jurors for b. Terry v. Ohio 10,000 A widespread misconception of rape led it to be defined as _________. a. a. more violent. 16-24 a. Elizabeth Heffernan A philosophical question about private prisons concerns whether _______. To combat ambiguities in classification correctional administration have started using _________. The penitentiary was to be a place where _________. https://quizlet.com/97734104/corrections-ch-9-12-regionals-flash-cards a. maximum security Prisons designed to hold the "toughest of the tough" are called: >>Direct Examination Although the idea of ______ had been developed in Australia and Ireland in the 1850s and instituted at the Elmira Reformatory in 1876, not until the mid-1920s did this practice become readily accepted and implemented throughout the United States. We define sentencing guidelines as sentencing rules that: (1) are currently in effect; (2) recommend sentences, for most types of crime or at least most felonies, that are deemed to be appropriate in typical cases of that type (i.e., cases that do not present aggravating or mitigating factors that might permit departure from the recommendation); b. a. clemency. State of Illinois Department of Corrections a. it is too impersonal. A __________ condition establishes a sum of money that must be paid by the offender either to the victim or to a public fund for victims of crime. During the Progressive Reform era, two main correctional strategies were implemented, which were improving conditions in social environments and _______. .tg .tg-dvpl{border-color:inherit;text-align:right;vertical-align:top} a. had little impact on how facilities are run. Benefit of clergy was extended to ______. c. campus style >>Verdict Retained earnings This is commonly referred to as the judge's c. minimum security 3. 54,000 >>The Jury Pool b. b. function. b. socialization. a. psychologists d. nonexistent. b. like delicate flowers. c. the yard. d. Wilbur, The prison design most often used for female and juvenile inmates is: c. not given corporal punishment as men were. Which of the following is NOT an alternative to litigation by people in prison? Describe the type For instance, judges may typically consider factors that include the following: the defendant's past criminal record, age, and sophistication whether the defendant genuinely feels remorse. What factors do judges use in determining sentences? b. >>Direct Examination d. are the same. In comparison to men's facilities, women's prisons have: >>Closing Arguments >>Jury Deliberations Which of the following does NOT describe local jail officers and staff employed in the United States today? Jeremy Bentham argued that effective punishments prevent ________ in the future. release to an addiction treatment facility. a. cable TV. Community corrections in various locales across the United States have similar ___________. Punishment of criminals that is intended to be an example to the public and to discourage the commission of offenses by others is known as _________. a. African American. The increase in the number of women in prison has: c. primary sanctions. >>Motions after Verdict Which of the following is a reward associated with the jailing lifestyle? More incarcerated people receive _________ sentences in the United States that in any other Western nation. Mass closings of public hospitals for people with mental illnesses began in the _______. This sometimes occurs before closing arguments.) d. sex. d. all men, The term ___________ refers to programs which educate gang members and eventually encourage them to renounce their gang membership. The ______ was born out of concern for the sinfulness of sloth. The _______ model is created by building a prosocial, self-governing podular-style unit within the jail. WebJudges sometimes complain that their sentencing choices are _____. The invention of the penitentiary, where incarcerated people could be isolated from the temptations of the outside world. a. jailing. d. Both non-whites and women. African Americans are ___________ times more likely to be in prison than whites. In the wake of the Civil Rights Movement, prisoners demanded their constitutional rights as: b. sexual misconduct by female officers. d. all of these. >>Bail Which group is the least likely to be released on recognizance? WebThis report provides a theoretical and empirical study of the sentencing process addressing three challenges: the extent to which judges are consistent in their sentencing Prison based programs designed for women often include which of the following: The U.S. economy enters a period of rapid inflation. A principal feature in prison society which reinforces the norms and roles of the social system and influences the nature of interpersonal relationships is known as: Being poor b. c. They permit individuals to act according to clearly defined roles and rules c. assured. >>Rebuttal The costs of incarceration are most expensive for _______ clients. b. place them in protective custody unit. b. Trenton In 2014, Virginia judges using the tool sent nearly half of those defendants to alternatives to prison, according to a state sentencing commission report. The central purpose of the early jail was ______. a. save money. >>Final Motions c. integration. d. disagreements, A majority of all state prisoners throughout the country are housed in __________ prisons. d. fire fighting. c. control debt-collection rackets within the institution. The reformatory movement emphasized education and ______, and on the basis of an incarcerated person's successful participation in both could conceivably earn him or her early release. d. housed with men and other prisoners and treated as they were. font-weight:normal;overflow:hidden;padding:10px 5px;word-break:normal;} A ________ report is prepared by a probation officer, who investigated a convicted person's background to help the judge select an appropriate sentence. d. local government. Nearly _________ of those in jail have a history of mental problem. A(n) ________ is a complex whole consisting of interdependent parts whose operations are directed toward common goals and influenced by the environment in which they function. >>Motions Which of the following are not street-level bureaucrats? a. cliques. a. d. forgotten offenders. a. b. positive. a. They relieve the tensions of prison life. Maximum-security prisons in the United States are most often built with a _____ design. The first case recognized by the Supreme Court that recognized incarcerated persons' rights involved a case of _____. share important characteristics even though they vary in others. A(n) __________ is a public official with full authority to investigate citizens' complaints against government officials. >>Bringing the Charge Which of the following early forms of execution was not as popular in England because it was less of a spectacle for crowds? b. reduce reliance on prisons. The __________ model was dominant in the 1960s and early 1970s. Before that time, a pre-sentence investigation will take place to help the judge determine the appropriate sentence from the range of possible sentences set out in the statutes. b. telephone pole design c. exceeds that of men. a. b. the probation officers don't really care about the client. c. human beings. The circumstances in a correctional facility that, when considered as a whole, may violate the protections guaranteed by the Eighth Amendment are known as _______. American have traditionally tended to equate which of the following with punishment? d. All of these. __________ is a system of government in which power and responsibility are divided between a national government and state governments. a. In 1973, the prison incarcerations rate was _________. Interest expense Which important sociological scholar argued that criminals and their punishment are functional in society, and actually help to define norms and expectation for conformity? a. segregated from males and other prisoners in jails but not prisons. b. men. 200,000 According to the retributive justice model of punishment, those who commit a particular crime should be punished ___________. According to the concept of _________, people convicted of crimes are returned to society once they are treated. At present, the focus of corrections has shifted to ____. He or she will discuss the standard of proof that jurors should apply to the case - beyond a reasonable doubt in a criminal case, preponderance of the evidence in a civil case. c. gang member. The usual stock does not satisfy inmate's needs. c. it is inadequate for a large number of offenders. c. Parole 750,000 Here are comparative statement data for Dean Company and Gerald Company, two competitors. d. there is a relatively small number of women in prison and jail. c. rehabilitation Long-term liabilities >>Officers of the Court The _______ approach to criminology is based on the assumptions that human behavior is a product of biological, economic, psychological, and social factors, and that the scientific method can be applied to ascertain the causes of individual behavior. 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