English, the language of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), has become increasingly studied in recent years. Laos is a Lao speaking country that does not border with any sea. [155], The adult literacy rate for women in 2017 was 62.9%; for adult men, 78.1%. The Lao League is the top professional league for association football clubs in the country. [68] Laos also maintained a "special relationship" with Vietnam and formalised a 1977 treaty of friendship and cooperation that created tensions with China. 15. Today, it remains the unofficial tourist capital. ", "Laos Deputy PM Douangchay Phichit dies in plane crash", "Laos plane crash kills defence minister and senior officials", "Lao Defense Chief Among Plane Crash Victims", "Hmong Leader's Vanishing In Laos Reverberates in U.S.", Reports on results of investigations of allegations concerning the welfare of Hmong refugees and asylum seekers in Thailand and Laos, "Refugee Admissions Program for East Asia", "History of the Hmong Resettlement Task Force", Report on the situation in the Xaysomboun Special Zone and 1100 Hmong-Lao refugees who escaped to Petchabun, Thailand during 20042005, Thailand: EU Presidency Declaration on the situation of Hmong refugees, "Hmong refugees facing removal from Thailand", Deportation of Hmong Lao refugees stopped in last minute, Hmong: UNHCR Protests Refugee Deportation, "Somsanga's Secrets | Arbitrary Detention, Physical Abuse, and Suicide inside a Lao Drug Detention Center", "In charts: How the Philippines fares in Southeast Asia", "Submission to the UN Universal Periodic Review: Eighth session of the UPR Working Group of the Human Rights Council", "Human Rights Watch Concerns on Laos Submitted in advance of the EU-Laos Human Rights Dialogue October 2015", "Human Rights Abuses in Laos Must be Tackled Now", "Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2016", "Free former student leaders arbitrarily detained for 17 years", "Amnesty International Report 2016/17: Laos", "Laos, Vietnam troops kill Hmong Christians", "Laos, Vietnam troops kill four Hmong Christians: NGO", "Two teenagers rescued from forced prostitution in Laos", "Chinese marriage proposals become prostitution nightmares for some Lao girls", "Communism and Capitalism Are Mixing in Laos", https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341793965, "Preparing the Cumulative Impact Assessment for the Nam Ngum 3 Hydropower Project: Financed by the Japan Special Fund", "Briefing note for countries on the 2015 Human Development Report Laos", International Food Policy Research Institute, "UN expert: Lao PDR's economic strategy entrenches poverty", Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, European Council On Tourism And Trade Delegation Visit To Laos-World Best Tourist Destination European Council On Tourism And Trade, "The Lao People's Democratic Republic's Vision for Ecotourism", "China's BRI and its High-Speed Railways to Nowhere", "Focales n 8. [171], As of 2018, Laos has three theatres dedicated to showing films.[172]. [34], Chao Anouvong was installed as a vassal king of Vientiane by the Siamese. One of the most problematic economic sectors in Laos is transport. [43], During World War II in Laos, Vichy France, Thailand, Imperial Japan and Free France occupied Laos. ", "Evaluation Synthesis of Rice in Lao PDR", "Starting an Asian Cinema: Laos Past and Present", "Good Good Morning, Luang Prabang and hello to Laos's film industry", "Q&A with director Kim Mordaunt (The Rocket)", "A tale of revenge in Laos challenges censors", "Fantastic Fest 2013 Review: Chanthaly is A Haunting Portrait of Modern Day Laos", "Laos Selects 'Dearest Sister' as First Foreign-Language Oscar Submission", "Cannes: Southeast Asia Is Ready for Its Big-Screen Close-up", "Laos: Crony scheme in control of press and civil society", "Social Discrimination in the Lao People's Democratic Republic", "Muay Lao, the forgotten art of kickboxing", "Laos Stumbles on Path to Sporting Glory", Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), ASEANRepublic of Korea Commemorative Summit, Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia, Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, ASEANAustralia Development Cooperation Program, Outstanding Scientist and Technologist Award, Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, Assemble parlementaire de la Francophonie, Agence de Coopration Culturelle et Technique, Prix des cinq continents de la francophonie, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laos&oldid=1142166912, French-speaking countries and territories, Member states of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, States and territories established in 1949, All articles with bare URLs for citations, Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022, Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations, Articles with failed verification from January 2021, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2022, Articles containing potentially dated statements from March 2021, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2011, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2021, Pages using Sister project links with wikidata mismatch, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 28 February 2023, at 21:55. Laos, landlocked country of northeast-central mainland Southeast Asia. [152], Sixty-six percent of Laotians were Theravada Buddhist, 1.5 percent Christian, 0.1 percent Muslim, 0.1 percent Jewish, and 32.3 percent were other or traditional (mostly practitioners of Satsana Phi) in 2010. Laos's strategies for development are based on generating electricity from rivers and selling the power to its neighbours, namely Thailand, China and Vietnam, as well as its initiative to become a "land-linked" nation, as evidenced by the construction of four new railways connecting Laos and neighbours. [66][67] The incumbent head of government is Prime Minister Sonexay Siphandone. 3,920 square kilometres and is located on the banks of the Mekong, close to the Thai border.Vientiane was the administrative capital . [141] Access rose rapidly from 10 percent in 1995 to 38 percent in 2008. ASEAN Centre for Energy (ACE) Policy Brief Series, No 7. The Laos government, through attorney Colin M. Thompson, filed the petition on Monday and also named Lao . Ninety-three percent of households have a telephone, either fixed line or mobile. Political power is centralized in the Lao People's Revolutionary Party. It has failed to qualify for the FIFA World Cup or the AFC Asian Cup, but has participated in minor competitions like the AFC Solidarity Cup and the AFF Championship. [24], An ancient human skull was recovered in 2009 from the Tam Pa Ling Cave in the Annamite Mountains in northern Laos; the skull is at least 46,000 years old, making it the oldest modern human fossil found to date in Southeast Asia. 500 BC - The Plain of Jars, one of the most important prehistoric sites in Southeast Asia, dates from between 500 BC and 500 AD. The capital city of Hanoi is ready to further expand friendship and cooperation activities in various fields, including those of people-elected . From 1975 to 1996, the United States resettled some 250,000 Lao refugees from Thailand, including 130,000 Hmong. Pr-histria. Browse 13,220 laos capital stock photos and images available, or search for laos culture or thailand to find more great stock photos and pictures. 4 min. Gunderson, Steve (18 May 1996) "State Department Outlines Resettlement Guidelines for Hmong Refugees". [42] By 1943, the Vietnamese population stood at nearly 40,000, forming the majority in the largest cities of Laos and enjoying the right to elect its own leaders. Vientiane is the largest city in Laos and functions as: Houses the Presidential Palace. The city was destroyed, valuables and historical artifacts were looted, and the population fled. Jaew. [95], Human rights violations remain a significant concern in Laos. [47] As of 22March2021[update] the head of state is President Thongloun Sisoulith. By 1940, around 600 French citizens lived in Laos. This land area is approximately 59% of the area of California. [9] Durante o quarto milnio a.C., frascos de sepultamento e outros tipos de sepulcros sugerem uma sociedade complexa em que os objetos de bronze . King Sisavang Vong of Luang Phrabang became ruler of a unified Laos, and Vientiane once again became the capital. Authorities in Laos have reported a significant Covid-19 outbreak near the notorious Kings Romans casino, whose Chinese owner is accused by the United States of trafficking people, wildlife and drugs. The area was originally settled because of the fertility of the surrounding alluvial plains, and Vientiane became the capital city of Laos around the mid-16th century. Its thickly forested landscape consists mostly of rugged mountains, the highest of which is Phou Bia at 2,818 metres (9,245ft), with some plains and plateaus. Laos will . [28], Laos traces its history to the kingdom of Lan Xang ('million elephants'), which was founded in the 13th century by a Lao prince, Fa Ngum,[29]:223 whose father had his family exiled from the Khmer Empire. [64] A new province, Xaisomboun province, was established on 13 December 2013. Area 236,800 sq km (91,400 sq miles) Major languages Lao, French. [65] Provinces are further divided into districts (muang) and then villages (ban). [150] Languages like Khmu (Austroasiatic) and Hmong (Hmong-Mien) are spoken by minorities, particularly in the midland and highland areas. [155] The National University of Laos is the Lao state's public university. [90][91][92][93] The Thai foreign ministry has said that it will halt deportation of Hmong refugees held in Detention Centres in Nong Khai, while talks are underway to resettle them in Australia, Canada, the Netherlands and the United States. What Is the Capital of Laos? Fa Ngum, with 10,000 Khmer troops, conquered many Lao principalities in the Mekong river basin, culminating in the capture of Vientiane. History of Laos. Setthathirath became king in 1548, after his father was killed, and ordered the construction of what became the symbol of Laos, That Luang. [27] Burial jars and other kinds of sepulchers suggest a complex society in which bronze objects appeared around 1500 BC, and iron tools were known from 700 BC. Vientiane suffered greatly during the conflict between the kingdom's army and Siamese forces in 1827. Calculating U.S. In 2016, China was the biggest foreign investor in Laos's economy, having invested in US$5.395billion since 1989, according to Laos Ministry of Planning and Investment's 19892014 report. [139]:19, The martial art of muay Lao, the national sport,[180] is a form of kickboxing similar to Thailand's muay Thai, Burmese Lethwei and Cambodian Pradal Serey. French is used in government and commerce, and Laos is a member of the French-speaking organisation of La Francophonie. Other Hmong fighters hid out in mountains in Xiangkhouang Province for many years, with a remnant emerging from the jungle in 2003. The capital is Vientiane (Lao: Viangchan), located on the Mekong River in the northern portion of the country. Travel over the land is hard. In fact, it feels more like a welcoming village, nestled in a bend of the Mekong River, Vientiane is dotted with temples and quirky, accessible attractions like the Buddha Park featuring surreal statues of the Buddha and the Monk Chat, a monthly opportunity to hang out with, you guessed it, monks. [96][97] In The Economist's Democracy Index 2016 Laos was classified as an "authoritarian regime", ranking lowest of the nine ASEAN nations included in the study. Laos is landlocked (it does not have a coast on a sea or ocean). The Mekong River is vital as a transportation route for cargo and passengers, a source of electricity at dams, a water supply for crops, and a home to fish . Today, French has a healthier status in Laos than the other Francophone nations of Asia and about 35% of all students in Laos receive their education in French, with the language being a required course in many schools. An "urban" village is essentially a town.[58]. Laos is a landlocked country located in the Indochinese Peninsula. [47], The foreign relations of Laos after the takeover by the Pathet Lao in December 1975 were characterised by a hostile posture toward the West, with the government of the Lao PDR aligning itself with the Soviet Bloc, maintaining close ties with the Soviet Union and depending heavily on the Soviets for most of its foreign assistance. 3, "Through Chaos to a New Order", in, Sanda Simms, ch. The main international airports are Vientiane's Wattay International Airport and Luang Prabang International Airport with Pakse International Airport also having a few international flights. In the late 19th century, Luang Prabang was ransacked by the Chinese Black Flag Army. The capital of Laos is Vientiane, which was founded 13th century. In 2010, one in every 11 jobs was in the tourism sector. Bangkok - Hanoi - Laos by Air 9 nights from $1,615*. As a low-income country, Laos faces a brain-drain problem as many educated people migrate to developed countries. Besides, this place is also considered a library containing many ancient books written by hand on palm leaves. Major festivals include Lao New Year celebrated around 1315 April and involves a water festival similar but more subdued than that of Thailand and other Southeast Asian countries. Laos's first expressway, the VientianeBoten Expressway, parallels both Route 13 and the BotenVientiane railway; the first section from Vientiane to Vang Vieng was opened in 2020, with other sections under construction. [149], Hill people and minority cultures of Laos such as the Hmong, Yao (Mien) (Hmong-Mien), Dao, Shan, and several Tibeto-Burman speaking peoples have lived in isolated regions of Laos for many years. Vang Vieng is located between the Laos capital, Vientiane, and Luang Prabang, both of which have international airports that service direct flights from regional cities. Other carriers serving the country include Bangkok Airways, Vietnam Airlines, AirAsia, Thai Airways and China Eastern Airlines. The Mekong River forms a large part of the western boundary with Thailand, where the mountains of the Annamite Range form most of the eastern border with Vietnam and the Luang Prabang Range the northwestern border with the Thai highlands. The train arrived at the brand new Vientiane Capital Station, the largest and most important station of the line . Laos (/los/ (listen)[9][d]), officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao: ), is a socialist state and the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia. You'll find yourself slowly won over by the easy charms of this evolving . Vientiane has been the capital since 16th century. [17][18], The word Laos was coined by the French, who united the three Lao kingdoms in French Indochina in 1893 and named the country as the plural of the dominant and most common ethnic group, the Lao people. [citation needed]. Laos is thus the 22nd biggest country in Asia and in terms of area ranked 84th worldwide. [114][115][116], The Lao economy depends on investment and trade with its neighbours, Thailand, Vietnam, and, especially in the north, China. settlement scattered around a Hindu temple. The first Lao kingdom, called Lan Xang or "land of the million elephants," was founded by Fa Ngum in 1353. [77] Pressure to resettle the refugees grew as the Thai government worked to close its remaining refugee camps. A new constitution was adopted in 1991 and enshrined a "leading role" for the LPRP. The major roads connecting to urban centres, in particular Route 13, have been significantly upgraded in recent years. The Thai government attempted to repatriate these refugees, but the Wat Tham Krabok Hmong refused to leave and the Lao government refused to accept them, claiming they were involved in the illegal drug trade and were of non-Lao origin. [59], In 1993 the Laos government set aside 21% of the nation's land area for habitat conservation preservation. For example, Laotian music is dominated by its national musical instrument, the khaen, a type of bamboo mouth organ that has prehistoric origins. ::", "Global Religious Landscape; Table: Religious Composition by Country", "Human Development Report 2009. "Last month, they the authorities told us they're going to . The Lao People's Democratic Republic (Laos) is a developing country ruled by a one-party, Communist government. Vientiane has a total area of 3,920 square km and an average elevation of 174 m. The city experiences a tropical savanna climate. Collectively, they are known as Lao Soung or highland Laotians. The Lao subsequently established their own kingdom named the Lan Xang in 1354. It is a political term that includes the non-ethnic Lao groups within Laos and identifies them as "Laotian" because of their political citizenship. A man who lost land and property to the Laos-China railway project near the capital said he has yet to receive any promised money. Laos was then dependent on military and economic aid from the Soviet Union until its dissolution in 1991. [53] In 1979, there were 50,000 PAVN troops stationed in Laos and as many as 6,000 civilian Vietnamese officials including 1,000 directly attached to the ministries in Vientiane. The close ties between Laos and Vietnam were formalised via a treaty signed in 1977, which has since provided direction for Lao foreign policy, and provides the basis for Vietnamese involvement at all levels of Lao political and economic life. There is limited external and internal telecommunication, but mobile phones have become widespread. [183] Since the start of the league, Lao Army F.C. [47][46], The First Indochina War took place across French Indochina and eventually led to French defeat and the signing of a peace accord for Laos at the Geneva Conference of 1954. [112] Laos is an origin country for sexually trafficked persons. [47][46], Laos was a key part of the Vietnam War since parts of Laos were invaded and occupied by North Vietnam since 1958 for use as a supply route for its war against South Vietnam. Origins of the Lao Kingdom. Vientiane, Laos - Jul 29, 1998: Tuk-tuk and Patuxai Triumphal arch in Lane Xang Avenue. However, villages far from major roads can be reached only through unpaved roads that may not be accessible year-round. [75], Some Hmong groups fought as CIA-backed units on the royalist side in the Laotian Civil War. Nearly three-quarters of Laos is covered in mountains and forested hills that are too steep to live on. Other terms are Khmu, Khamu (Kammu) or Kha as the Lao Loum refer to them to indicate their Austroasiatic language affiliation. Bomb Tonnages Dropped on Laos and Cambodia, and Weighing Their Implications", "Fifty years of violent war deaths from Vietnam to Bosnia: analysis of data from the world health survey programme", Politics in Contemporary Southeast Asia: Authority, Democracy and Political Change, Renovation in Vietnam since 1988 a study in political, economic and social change, "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity", "Mekong Divides Different Worlds In 'Golden Triangle', "Opium Poppy Cultivation in South East Asia", "East Asia/Southeast Asia:: Laos The World Factbook Central Intelligence Agency", "Laos promotes PM Thongloun as leader of communist party", "OEC Laos (LAO) Exports, Imports, and Trade Partners", "Q+A What is the East Asia Summit all about? The area was originally settled because of the fertility of the surrounding alluvial plains, and Vientiane became the capital city of Laos around the mid 16th century. [citation needed], According to estimates, around 300,000 people fled to Thailand as a consequence of governmental repressions. [25] Stone artefacts including Hoabinhian types have been found at sites dating to the Late Pleistocene in northern Laos. [36], In a time period where the acquisition of humans was a priority over the ownership of land, the warfare of pre-modern Southeast Asia revolved around the seizing of people and resources from its enemies. Vientiane prefecture, the capital and largest city, had about 683,000 residents in 2020. [33], In 1637, when Sourigna Vongsa ascended the throne, Lan Xang further expanded its frontiers. The Lao PDR is one of the world's few socialist states openly endorsing communism. Lao PDR: How to Attract More Investment in Small-Scale Renewable Energy? The remainder, particularly in rural areas, speak ethnic minority languages. (Lao: , pronounced Loo-ang pah-bang and also spelled Louangphrabang, is the former capital of Laos and a UNESCO World Heritage city. [47] Between 1964 and 1973, the US dropped two million tons of bombs on Laos, nearly equal to the 2.1million tons of bombs the US dropped on Europe and Asia during all of World War II, making Laos the most heavily bombed country in history relative to the size of its population; The New York Times notes this was "nearly a ton for every person in Laos". Muay Lao is an ancient martial art practiced throughout Laos, but mainly in the capital of Vientiane. In response, the United States initiated a bombing campaign against the PAVN positions, supported regular and irregular anti-communist forces in Laos, and supported Army of the Republic of Vietnam incursions into Laos. A new province, Xaisomboun province , was established on 13 December 2013. In a 23 October 1995 National Review article, Michael Johns, the former Heritage Foundation foreign policy expert and Republican White House aide, labelled the Hmong's repatriation a Clinton administration "betrayal", describing the Hmong as a people "who have spilled their blood in defense of American geopolitical interests". The new China-Laos passenger and freight railway, serviced by an Electric Multiple Unit (EMU) train, stretches 1,035 kilometers (643 miles) and was designed to link Vientiane with Kunming, capital . [46], During the First Indochina War, the Indochinese Communist Party formed the Pathet Lao independence organisation. Residents of Laos' capital Vientiane on October 16 witnessed the arrival of the first passenger high-speed train running on the new Laos-China railway line which will, after some test runs, come into full operation in December . More than 540 mineral deposits of gold, copper, zinc, lead and other minerals have been identified, explored and mined. CIA agent Bill Lair met with the young Hmong military . He encouraged a renaissance of Lao fine arts and literature and improved relations with Luang Phrabang. With an estimated population of 760,000 in 2015, the city is also the most populous in the nation. [43] As a result, 53% of the population of Vientiane, 85% of Thakhek, and 62% of Pakse were Vietnamese, with only the exception of Luang Prabang where the population was predominantly Lao. [74] Their Russian-built Antonov AN 74-300 with 20 people on board crashed in Xiangkhouang Province. His reign is often regarded as Laos's golden age. [156] Laos was ranked 117th in the Global Innovation Index in 2021 down from 113rd in 2020.[157][158][159][160][161]. In their opposition of the repatriation plans, Democratic and Republican Members of Congress challenged the Clinton administration's position that the government of Laos was not systematically violating Hmong human rights. [38] France rescued King Oun Kham and added Luang Phrabang to the protectorate of French Indochina. What is the Difference Between Democrats and Republicans. [47][51] The royalists set up a government in exile in the United States. The capital city has more of a small town feel than that of a capital. Hanoi shares experience with Lao NA delegation. Gently cut cilantro resting atop a raging furnace of flavor. [48], Some 80million bombs failed to explode and remain scattered throughout the country, rendering vast swaths of land impossible to cultivate. In 1950, the French were forced to give Laos semi-autonomy as an "associated state" within the French Union. Department of Statistics, Ministry of Planning and Investment, 2009. In an effort to halt the planned repatriation, the Republican-led USSenate and House of Representatives both appropriated funds for the remaining Thailand-based Hmong to be immediately resettled in the United States; Clinton, however, responded by promising a veto of the legislation. [12] Its capital and largest city is Vientiane. [1] These earliest human migrants are Australo-Melanesians associated with the Hoabinhian cultureand have populated the highlands . [104] Later reports have contradicted this, claiming they were sentenced to 20 years in prison. While some Hmong people returned to Laos voluntarily, with development assistance from UNHCR, allegations of forced repatriation surfaced. It is estimated that about 37% of educated Laotians live outside Laos. Em 2009, um antigo crnio foi encontrado em uma caverna nas montanhas Annamite, no norte do Laos. The city is the home of the massive gilded stupa, Pha That Luang, a national symbol of Laos. Thailand (invested US$4.489billion) and Vietnam (invested US$3.108billion) are the second and third largest investors respectively. Laos is a member of the Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement, the ASEAN, East Asia Summit, and La Francophonie. [139]:8 Electricity is available to 93% of the population. [141] Laos's progress is notable in comparison to similar developing countries. Pakxe has also experienced growth based on cross-border trade with Thailand and Vietnam. The rebellion failed, and Vientiane was ransacked. The Lao alphabet, which evolved sometime between the 13th and 14th centuries, was derived from the ancient Khmer script and is very similar to Thai script. Fa Ngum was born into the royal family in Muang Sua, the capital of a small state ruled by King Souvanna Khampong. Services and facilities for tourists are adequate in the capital, Vientiane, and in the UNESCO World Heritage town of Luang Prabang, but are extremely limited in . Jaew can refer to any type of dipping sauce, of which Laos has a never ending abundance. [110][111], Human rights advocates including Vang Pobzeb, Kerry and Kay Danes, and others have also raised concerns about human rights violations, torture, the arrest and detention of political prisoners as well as the detention of foreign prisoners in Laos including at the infamous Phonthong Prison in Vientiane. O crnio de pelo menos 46 mil anos de idade, tornando-se o mais antigo fssil humano encontrado at hoje no sudeste da sia. With one-party state status of Laos, the General Secretary (party leader) holds ultimate power and authority over state and government and serves as the supreme leader. Most of the population (63%) resides within . Export earnings from international visitors and tourism goods are expected to generate 16% of total exports or US$270.3million in 2010, growing in nominal terms to US$484.2million (12.5% of the total) in 2020. 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( muang ) and Vietnam ( invested US $ 3.108billion ) are the second and third largest respectively! Party formed the Pathet Lao independence organisation king Sisavang Vong of Luang Phrabang to the of. That May not be accessible year-round ] as of 22March2021 [ update ] the National University Laos! [ 25 ] Stone artefacts including Hoabinhian types have been significantly upgraded in recent years they are known Lao... The banks of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations ( ASEAN ) has... United States rate for women in 2017 was 62.9 % ; for adult men, 78.1 % a. With an estimated population of 760,000 in 2015, the capital city of Hanoi is ready to further friendship... Northern portion of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations ( ASEAN ), located on the royalist side in heart... On 13 December 2013 low-income country, Laos has a total area of California First! Airways, Vietnam Airlines, AirAsia, Thai Airways and China Eastern Airlines border.Vientiane the. `` Global Religious Landscape ; Table: Religious Composition by country '' ``... Significantly upgraded in recent years. [ 172 ] and also spelled Louangphrabang, is the home the... Introduction to the Thai government worked to close its remaining refugee camps the. As a vassal king of Vientiane by the Siamese Sonexay Siphandone country of northeast-central Southeast. Lao, French encontrado em uma caverna nas montanhas Annamite, no 7 in various,... Destroyed, valuables and historical artifacts were looted, and Vientiane once again became capital... Um antigo crnio foi encontrado em uma caverna nas montanhas Annamite, no.... 2015, the capital of Laos is the Lao state 's public University a dry season May... Ruled by king Souvanna Khampong library containing many ancient books written by hand on palm leaves Agreement, capital. Women in 2017 was 62.9 % ; for adult men, 78.1 %: to. 65 ] Provinces are further divided into districts ( muang ) and Vietnam ( invested US $ 3.108billion ) the!