He explained that South American Indians considered the coca plant a sacred herb and praised its beneficial effects on the mind and body. When a. Wikimedia CommonsThe drink was initially sold only at pharmacies, and in syrup form. He met Ann Eliza Clifford Lewis of Columbus, Georgia, known to her friends as "Cliff", who had been a student at Wesleyan College in Macon. Gen. Pember ons Death. Similarly, indecision and the complete loss of command and control over his army marked Pemberton's leadership before and during the Battle of Champion Hill. Stay up-to-date on the American Battlefield Trust's battlefield preservation efforts, travel tips, upcoming events, history content and more. Jeremy Agnew, Alcohol and Opium in the Old West, 173. Wigan, Lancashire, England, UK . He formed Pemberton chemical Company to market it and put his son in charge of production. He and the 4th fought again in Florida during hostilities against the Seminoles from 1856 to 1857. Had you succeeded none would have blamed; had you not made the attempt, few if any would have defended your course. In his day Pemberton was a most respected member of the state's medical establishment, but his gift was for medical chemistry rather than regular medicine. He was promoted to colonel on May 8, and the next day was assigned to the Virginia Provisional Army Artillery, with the rank of lieutenant colonel. In March 1888, after being in business for eight months as a copartner, he filed the petition for incorporation of the first Coca-Cola Company in the Fulton County Superior Court. Beauregard, so he sent Pemberton west and assigned the more popular Beauregard to Charleston. At the start of the American Civil War in 1861, Pemberton chose to resign his commission and join the Confederate cause, despite his Northern birth and the fact that his two brothers both fought for the Union. Pemberton garnered his graduate degree in pharmacy a few years before the Civil War in the 1860s. Research genealogy for John PEMBERTON of Boston, Middlesex, Massachusetts, United States, as well as other members of the PEMBERTON family, on Ancestry. A vintage Coca-Cola delivery truck, and visceral reminder of just how long the drink has been around. rec!' Pemberton's very loyalty to the South and its cause was called into question. 1. Answer (1 of 2): Interestingly, "The Coca-Cola Company" that we all know was not founded by John Pemberton, or any of his family members. Pemberton and the 4th were next stationed in Michigan, serving at Detroit in 1840, at Fort Mackinac in 1840 and 1841, and at Fort Bradyin in 1841. Lieutenant Pemberton was assigned to the Fourth Artillery regiment and saw combat with that unit during the Second Seminole War. Donations to the Trust are tax deductible to the full extent allowable under the law. Pemberton and the 4th returned to garrison duty at Fort Monroe, Virginia in 1842, then were stationed at the U.S. Army Cavalry School at Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania, in 1842 and 1843, and returned to Fort Monroe from 1844 to 1845. Promoted to Captain in 1850, he was part of the 1858 operations in Utah against the Mormons led by Albert Sidney Johnston. John Pemberton's uncle was Confederate Lt. General John Clifford Pemberton. We collect and match historical records that Ancestry users have contributed to their family trees to create each person's profile. He was also the uncle of John Pemberton, a Confederate soldier who later invented Coca-Cola. In May 1886, he developed an early version of a beverage that would later become Coca-Cola, but sold his rights to the drink shortly before his death. He was commissioned a second lieutenant in the 4th U.S. The last days of his life were spent obsessively frequenting his lab to find ways of refining the beverage. The battle would directly impact the rest of his life and ultimately lead to both his greatest success and biggest weakness due to his subsequent addiction to morphine. He then fought well at the Battle of Monterrey in that fall, and was appointed a brevet captain "for Gallant Conduct in the several Conflicts at [Monterrey]" on September 23. New Single Release. Civil War Confederate Lieutenant General. Brother of James Clifford Pemberton; Israel Pemberton; Anna Clifford Hollingsworth; Mary Pemberton; Rebecca Clifford Newbold and 6 others; Mary Pemberton; Henry Pemberton; Frances Pemberton; Sarah Pemberton; Lieut. Sign up for our quarterly email series highlighting the environmental benefits of battlefield preservation. As late as April 12, Pemberton believed Grant's forces were withdrawing to Memphis. He commanded the artillery of the defenses of Richmond until January 9, 1865. The challenge facing Pemberton was divining Grant's intention and identifying the true threat to Vicksburg. Although the name quite clearly refers to the two main ingredients, the controversy over its cocaine content would later prompt The Coca-Cola Company to state that the name was "meaningless but fanciful." Realizing that he needed financial backing to market this nonalcoholic version of French Wine Coca on a large scale, Pemberton formed a company for that purpose. When the Civil War began, he opted to join the South, dispite his Northern birth (he had married a Southern woman in 1848). The idea was to develop new products and sell medical and photography supplies, and branch out into cosmetics. We collect and match historical records that Ancestry users have contributed to their family trees to create each persons profile. John Stith Pemberton was the inventor of the Coca-Cola beverage. Research genealogy for John Pemberton of Nailstone, Leicestershire, England, as well as other members of the Pemberton family, on Ancestry. In the army, John managed to gain the rank of Lieutenant Colonel. Please enable JavaScript in your browser's settings to use this part of Geni. It is currently active and has more than 45,000 followers as of April 2011. [4][5][6], In April 1865, Pemberton sustained a saber wound to the chest during the Battle of Columbus. There he built a mansion in 1687 and had served as William Penn's chief administrator. On March 29, 1863, Grant ordered his Thirteenth and Seventeenth Corps to begin marching south on the Louisiana side of the Mississippi River. Pemberton and Company of Columbus claimed. His efforts to control his chronic pain led to morphine addiction. Historical Person Search Search Search Results Results John Pemberton (1846 - 1919) . Birthplace: King William, King William, VA, United States. Pemberton finally wrote Davis directly, asking he be returned to duty "in any capacity in which you think I may be useful." He married Ann Eliza Clifford Lewis on 12 October 1853, in Knoxville, Crawford, Georgia, United States. He was an 19th century American physician and chemist from Georgia who invented the popular soft drink Coca-Cola. Pembertons labs were converted into Georgias first testing facilities and were staffed by employees he personally hand-picked. Along with Pemberton and his 14 remaining guns, the Federals rounded up about 1,300 men and nearly 10,000 small arms.There is no record of his parole after his capture. Coca-Cola's inventor served as an officer in the Civil War, and an injury eventually led to the creation of the carbonated drink. Pemberton replied, "It is composed of an extract from the leaf of Peruvian Coca, the purest wine, and the Kola nut. They lived in a Victorian cottage, the Pemberton House in Columbus, a home of historic significance which was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 28, 1971. He was appointed inspector general of the artillery as of January 7, and held this position until he was captured in Salisbury, North Carolina, on April 12. He died in 1748, in Virginia, British Colonial America, at the age of 30. Henceforth, he would call Coca-Cola the ideal temperance drink, both on the label and in advertising. This entry was posted in Certificates, Wills, . . Family Children In 1886, when Atlanta and Fulton County enacted temperance legislation, Pemberton found himself forced to produce a non-alcoholic alternative to his French Wine Coca. [3] After initially practicing some medicine and surgery, Pemberton opened a drug store in Columbus. Pemberton was born on July 8, 1831, in Knoxville, Georgia, and spent most of his childhood in Rome, Georgia. Pemberton faced his former Mexican War colleague, the aggressive Union commander Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant and over 100,000 Union soldiers in the Vicksburg Campaign. Pemberton relied on Atlanta druggist Willis Venable to test, and help him perfect, the recipe for the beverage, which recipe he formulated by trial and error. A romantic by inclination, young John Pemberton exhibited an affinity for languages and art. Pemberton served with distinction as a lieutenant colonel in the Third Georgia Cavalry Battalion during the Civil War and was almost killed in the fighting at Columbus in April 1865. Had Pemberton not been injured by both gunshot and sword wounds, he likely wouldve never resorted to morphine in the first place. At first Gen. Braxton Bragg thought he could use Pemberton, but after conferring with his own ranking officers he advised Davis that taking on the discredited lieutenant general "would not be advisable." Connect to the World Family Tree to find out, July 8 1831 - Knoxville, Crawford County, Georgia, James Clifford Pemberton, Martha L. Pemberton (born Gant), Mary Pemberton, Ann Pemberton, Archy Pemberton, Martha Pemberton, Ann Eliza Clifford Pemberton (born Lewis), James Clifford Pemberton, Martha L. Worsham Pemberton (born Gent), Mary Pemberton, Ann Pemberton, Archy Pemberton, Martha L. Worsham Pemberton, July 8 1831 - Knoxville, Crawford County, Georgia, United States, Aug 16 1888 - Atlanta, Fulton County, Georgia, United States, James Clifford Pemberton, Martha Pemberton (born Worsham), James Clifford Pemberton, Martha L. Pemberton (born Worsham), Anna Eliza Clifford Pemberton (born Lewis), July 8 1831 - Knoxville, Crawford, Georgia, Mary Pemberton, Dr. John Stith Pemberton, Ann Pemberton, Archibald "Archy" Pemberton, Martha Pemberton, Mary Pemberton, American Pharmacist, Inventor Of Coca-Cola, July 8 1831 - Knoxville, Crawford, Georgia, United States, Aug 16 1888 - Atlanta, Fulton, Georgia, United States, James Clifford Pemberton, Martha L Worsham, Mary Pemberton, Archibald Pemberton, Martha Pemberton, Mary Pemberton, Ann Pemberton, Knoxville, Crawford County, Georgia, United States, Columbus, Muscogee County, Georgia, United States, Atlanta, Fulton County, Georgia, United States, We're Related to Royalty and Famous People, John Stith, Lieutenant Colonel, (Civil War), Inventor/founder - Coca-cola Pemberton, Birth of Lt. Col. (CSA), John Stith Pemberton, Death of Lt. Col. (CSA), John Stith Pemberton, Burial of Lt. Col. (CSA), John Stith Pemberton, Druggist, Confederate Veteran, Inventor of Coca Cola. Historical Person Search Search Search Results Results John PEMBERTON (1689 - 1690) Try FREE for 14 days Try FREE for 14 days. John Stith Pemberton was an American pharmacist and is best known for being the inventor of Coca-Cola. In the end, the ambitious scientist and entrepreneur created one of the most successful and enduring consumer products of our time one that has yet to be rivaled by competing alternatives in its niche. However, his effortless ability to achieve high marks in subjects that held his interest disguised a less than average performance in areas of a more technical and purely military nature. John Pemberton's army career began auspiciously, with an appointment to the artillery branch of the army. Send Students on School Field Trips to Battlefields Your Gift Tripled! These traits were conspicuously lacking in the leadership of Lieutenant General John C. Pemberton during the Vicksburg campaign. The American Battlefield Trust is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. His decision was due to the influence of his Virginia-born wife and many years of service in the southern states before the war. He died in the village of Penllyn, Lower Gwynedd Township, Pennsylvania, five years later and is buried in the Laurel Hill Cemetery in Philadelphia. On the day of Pemberton's funeral, Atlanta druggists closed their stores and attended the services en masse as a tribute of respect. In May 1886, he developed an early version of a beverage that would later become world-famous as Coca-Cola but sold his rights to the drink shortly before his death. Pemberton was born to James Clifford Pemberton (born 1803 in North Carolina) and Martha L. Gant (born 1791 in Virginia). [1], Pemberton entered the Reform Medical College of Georgia in Macon, Georgia, and in 1850, at the age of nineteen, he earned his medical degree. Pemberton resigned as a general officer on May 9, 1864, and Davis offered him a commission as a lieutenant colonel of artillery three days later, which he accepted, a testimonial of his loyalty to the South and the Confederate cause. (Pemberton, well aware of his reputation as a Northerner by birth, was probably influenced by his fear of public condemnation as a traitor if he abandoned Vicksburg.). After early service as commander of the Military Department of South Carolina, Georgia and Florida, he was promoted to Major General in January 1862, and to Lieutenant General in October 1862. As a student at the University of Pennsylvania, the young Pemberton decided he wished to have a career as an engineer. Pemberton was promoted to major general on January 14, 1862, and given command the Confederate Department of South Carolina and Georgia, an assignment lasting from March 14 to August 29, with his headquarters in Charleston. An examination of his talents, interests, education, and antebellum career demonstrate that while he was proficient in the former, he was sorely lacking in the experience, skills, and qualities necessary for the latter. mother. It will be followed by that of Rev. . Immediate Family: Son of John Pemberton and Deborah Pemberton. When the smoke of the Civil War cleared and America busied itself with the duty of getting back to living, Pemberton partnered with Columbus physician Austin Walker and expanded his lab. Shortly thereafter, on April 17, Colonel Benjamin H. Grierson led three regiments of cavalry south from La Grange, Tennessee, primarily to operate against the rail system in Mississippi. Stay up-to-date on our FREE educational resources & professional development opportunities, all designed to support your work teaching American history. With Pembertons widowed wife struggling financially, and his son Charles managing a troubling morphine addiction, the familys once-promising future had turned entirely bleak. Pemberton was diagnosed with stomach cancer, and started selling the company off piece by piece until he owned only a third of it. On that day, not one drop of Coca-Cola was dispensed in the entire city. Civil War commanders such as Robert E. Lee and Ulysses S. Grant are notable because they shared the qualities of perspective, responsibility, intuition, daring, and endurance. Husband of Martha (Worcester) Pemberton and Eleonour Pemberton. Assigned to the defenses of Vicksburg, it soon became the last Confederate stronghold on the Mississippi. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Stith_Pemberton. Twenty-four hours later, Pemberton offered to forward two brigades to General Joseph Johnston even though by that time he was less confident that Grant was withdrawing. The drink was initially sold only at pharmacies, and in syrup form. Historical Person Search Search Search Results Results John PEMBERTON Try FREE for 14 days Try FREE for 14 days How do we create a persons profile? Please enable JavaScript in your browser's settings to use this part of Geni. He died in Atlanta and buried in Linwood Cemetery . With Venable's assistance, Pemberton worked out a set of directions for its preparation. Another order from Johnston changing their proposed meeting location caused Pemberton to turn around, and when he did he accidentally collided with Grant's army at the Battle of Champion Hill on May 16 and suffered a major defeat. After attending pharmacy school, Dr. Pemberton opened up his own drug store in Columbus, Georgia. He grew up in Tolleson, AZ, but attended St. Mary's Elementary and High. [2] His main talent was chemistry. Of Gen. iser. The verdict of history as well as Civil War-era contemporaries laid the responsibility for the Confederate loss squarely at the feet of John Pemberton. wife. Cadet Pemberton did request private tutoring however, it was in the area in which he already excelled. The rank and file will be allowed all their clothing, but no other property. According to The New Georgia Encyclopedia, John Stith Pemberton was born on January 8, 1831 in Knoxville, Georgia. [2], During the American Civil War, Pemberton served in the Third Cavalry Battalion of the Georgia State Guard, which was at that time a component of the Confederate Army. Father of Charles Ney Pemberton His most enduring accomplishments involve his laboratories, which are still in operation more than 125 years later as part of the Georgia Department of Agriculture. The Sweet Southern Bouquet perfume was a success, and in 1869, the veteran formed the Pemberton, Wilson, Taylor and Company firm and moved to Atlanta the following year. The battalion belonged to the Confederate army. As the battle intensified, the situation deteriorated to the point that the commanding general exercised little control over his army. Research genealogy for John PEMBERTON, as well as other members of the PEMBERTON family, on Ancestry. Artillery Regiment on July 1, 1837. . Connect to the World Family Tree to find out, Aug 10 1814 - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, July 13 1881 - Penllyn, Pennsylvania, USA. When hushed whispers of alcohol prohibition began to hit Atlantas city government in 1886, Pemberton feared his new and popular drink could soon be banned. Wrong username or password. [22] Pemberton had a hunch that his formula "someday will be a national drink", so he attempted to retain a share of the ownership to leave to his son. Although advised by Johnston to escape with his army, sacrificing the city, Pemberton held firm for over six weeks, while soldiers and civilians were starved into submission. He then served along the northern U.S. frontier during the Canada Border Disturbances. A portrait of John Stith Pemberton from sometime before 1888. Asa Candler bought the business in 1887. The wounded soldier became hooked almost immediately, using it initially to relieve his pain. Contrary to the majority of his subordinates who favored obeying Johnston's orders, Pemberton instead chose to march south against Grant's supply line at Dillon's plantation. [16] With public concern about drug addiction, depression, and alcoholism among war veterans, and "neurasthenia" among "highly-strung" Southern women,[17] Pemberton's "medicine" was advertised as particularly beneficial for "ladies, and all those whose sedentary employment causes nervous prostration".[18]. Stith Pemberton entered the Reform Medical College of Georgia in Macon, Georgia, and in 1850, at the age of nineteen, he earned his medical degree. Nothing in his background or natural ability provided him with the skills necessary to meet the Confederacy's need in its greatest crisis. YouTubeA statue of Pemberton outside of the Coca-Cola headquarters. He got wounded in the battle of 1865. When the labs were relocated to Atlanta, he dubbed Pembertons business one of the most splendid Chemical Laboratories that there is in the country. And though he was also called the most noted physician Atlanta ever had, accolades and respect did not prevent him from joining the fray of war when the time came. In several instances, family members with prominent friends gained favors for John. John Pemberton in FamilySearch Family Tree view all 19 Immediate Family Frances Littlepage wife George Xavier Pemberton son William D Pemberton son James Pemberton son James Pemberton father Rebecca Pemberton mother William Pemberton brother James Pemberton brother Peter Pemberton brother Joseph Pemberton brother Elizabeth Littlepage II He participated with the 4th during the U.S. actions against the Seminole Indians, tribe of native americans in 1837 and 1838, fighting in Florida at the Battle of Locha-Hatchee on January 24, 1838. These instances illustrate that Pemberton lacked the mental endurance necessary to sustain an army through the rigors of an engagement. He practiced medicine and surgery first in Rome and its environs and then in Columbus, where in 1855 he established a wholesale-retail drug business specializing in materia medica (substances used in the composition of medical remedies). William Pitt Chambers, who served with the 46th Mississippi Infantry, believed it a "conviction" among many Confederate soldiers, "that our Commanding General had been false to the flag under which he fought." Instead of making an effort to improve in those subjects in which he showed serious deficiencies, he spent his free time sketching. It was decided that Pemberton would be interred elsewhere; however, he ended up in an obscure area of the cemetery. Pemberton differentiated his particular drink by adding extracts from other tropical plants, like the caffeine-containing kola nut from African trees and the Central American damiana shrub leaf which was rumored to contain aphrodisiac properties. Only years later was it actually bottled and canned for retail business. A graduate student and Civil War veteran, Pemberton would eventually concoct one of the most enduring beverages of all time before dying a penniless drug addict who sold the Coca-Cola rights. He began his new career as a lieutenant colonel of Virginia State troops, but within two months experienced an unexplainably meteoric rise to brigadier general. As a nonprofit, we offer free help to those looking to learn the details of their family . His standing in his graduating class would normally have only guaranteed acceptance into one of the less prestigious cavalry or infantry branches of the service; however, his father pulled some strings. Rebecca Pemberton. He was a practical pharmacist and chemist of great skill, active all his life in medical reform, and a respected businessman. On October 25, 1862, Union Major General Ulysses S. Grant was appointed commander of the Department of the Tennessee. He also served as a Confederate general during the American Civil War, noted for his defeat and surrender in the critical Siege of Vicksburg in the summer of 1863. The map below shows the places where the ancestors of the famous person lived. While serving on the staff of General William Worth, he was awarded the brevets of captain and major, respectively, for his conduct during the Battles of Monterrey and Molino del Rey. Home; Trees; . At sunup the following day, a special train carried his body to Columbus, where a large group of friends, relatives, and admirers laid him to rest. father. In the end, this led to the recipe that later was adapted to make Coca-Cola. Wikimedia CommonsA portrait of John Stith Pemberton from sometime before 1888. Andrew Jackson Pemberton (USA) and Pvt. John Stith Pemberton, the man who invented Coca-Cola. Cause of death: cancer. With Venable's assistance, Pemberton worked out a set of directions for its preparation that eventually included blending the base syrup with carbonated water, and Frank Mason Robinson came up with the name "Coca-Cola" for the alliterative sound, which was popular among other wine medicines of the time. Death: July 28, 1753 (61-62) Haverhill, Essex, MA, United States. Unfortunately, he died before he could reap what he sowed. A statue depicting Pemberton was erected in the Vicksburg National Military Park. In 1886 the city of Atlanta introduced prohibition, which, among other things, forbade the sale of wine. The following September, merely six months later, Pemberton was replaced as department commander largely due to his inability to assure South Carolina Governor Francis Pickens that Charleston would be held at all costs. His life is truly a winding narrative of impressive accomplishments, hash challenges, and woefully unfortunate events. Some time before the Civil War (1861-65), he acquired a graduate degree in pharmacy, but the exact date and place are unknown. After Pembertons death on Aug. 16, 1888, vicious in-fighting between investors like Candler and Pembertons son Charles ensued. Pemberton arrived at his new headquarters in Jackson, Mississippi, on October 14. After the battle of Champion Hill on May 16, Confederate Surgeon John A. Leavy voiced the harshest criticism: Sentiments remained unchanged when the Southerners stacked their arms and relinquished Vicksburg. According to the Coca-Cola Company, Pemberton developed the syrup for the famed beverage, which was sampled at the local Jacob's Pharmacy and deemed to be "excellent." The syrup was combined with carbonated water to create .