If youre visiting with your partner, youll have a great time in Naples. An ideal indicator of whether Naples is becoming a safer or more dangerous place to live can be done by analyzing the year over year crime rates per 100,000 people. Organized-crime-prevention strategies in Italy are heavily focused on the seizure and confiscation of assets destined to be used by criminal organizations in order to prevent them from committing other organized-crime-related crimes and to deprive them of the resources that enable them to conduct their illicit activities. - SOCIO UNICO REGIONE CAMPANIA DIREZIONE E COORDINAMENTO . The safety statistics for travelling to Naples pretty much speak for themselves. Actual quotes you can find online about Naples, Italy Naples is actually a safe place to visit for the most part. The city averages 2.8 homicides per 100k people annually. Heres what were usually asked about staying safe in Naples. Enjoy your travels! On March 9, Italian Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte imposed a nationwide quarantine in an attempt to fight Europe's worst coronavirus outbreak, which to this date has killed almost 29,000 people and. Have fun, relax, and enjoy yourself. US Crime News. I am of Italian descent and wanted to visit the places in Italy my family came from. It wont be down to the wire cutting edge info on the most current events, but it is layered in the expertise of veteran travellers. Does that mean that all Naples residents are gun-wielding Mafia crime bosses? Situated in southern Europe, Italy is the cradle of Western culture due to its infamous food, gorgeous language, exciting culture, extensive history, beautiful natural landscapes, and incredible architecture. Teleport Zen is a personalized to-do list and moving guide. At The Broke Backpacker, we are all about solo travel. my friend and I are planning a trip to Positano and around there and were thinking of exploring Naples, we are both 18 year old Australian girls and just wanted your opinion on if its safe for us to go alone just us two? If you see any outdated information in this guide, we would really appreciate it if you could reach out in the comments below. You could just as easily be robbed in London, or Paris or Madrid. SafetyWing is convenient, cheap, and trouble-free Insurance was never this easy! It is not difficult to imagine why Milan is the safest place to visit on this list. When the sun is at its peak in the day, head to the shade, or slather on sunscreen. A few safety suggestions are: If you would prefer to explore Naples with a local until you get your bearings or feel comfortable in the city, that is understandable. Also, the city has significantly fewer tourists, which helps equalize the crime rate. It was also said to be able to influence decisions involving the distribution of public contracts for hospital services, in particular, prosecutors allege, the cleaning contract which their company won with its members as employees, or the hospital canteen being run by a Camorra company. These narcotics are exported from drug producing regions principally via maritime route but also via air and land. This is the case even in Sicily, Rome or Milan. Italy crime rate & statistics for 2020 was 0.47, a 9.95% decline from 2019. The Camorra Never Sleeps. The general population survey on drugs conducted in 2017 deduced that Italians within the ages of 15 and 64, in the course of their life, had, at least once, made use of psychoactive substances, with 1 in 10 using in the past year. . Alfa Romeo, Bugatti, Ferrari, Lamborghini, Fiat - Italians love their cars and driving whether it's on a flat, fast motorway or a challenging, winding Tuscan back road. Home to the criminal syndicate known as the Camorra, the city is known for organized crime. Also, try to avoid large groups of children selling candy and approaching you, it is a scam. Pickpockets operate, so you dont carry a bulging wallet. Italy crime rate & statistics for 2017 was 0.62, a 6.95% decline from 2016. You may also want to consider taking trips out to the gorgeous nearby islands of Procida, Ischia, and Capri while you are in the area! The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Despite that, the people genarally are friendly, outgoing, exuberant, philosophical, and amazingly clever and quick-witted. A closer look at the situation makes it clear that the apparent fading of the Camorra does not ring true. (Okay lets all admit that that was a pretty weird phrase). People not able to meet demands might find their business partly or completely taken over by organized crime. The ex-pats and immigrants that find themselves here meet up with friends in crowded bars and get chatting with locals. 2023 Copyright by Travel Safe - Abroad. It is important to always bring sunscreen with you since the temperatures and sun are really hot, especially in the summer. Naples woman arrested in August drunken driving crash that killed 1, troopers report. We strive to provide the most relevant travel information on the web and always appreciate input from our readers (nicely, please!). When in these crowded areas, try not to look too much like a tourist for pickpockets who can spot an easy target in a crowd. After a day or two in Naples, you will feel assured about this. Far from it. Naples Warnings and Dangers One of the oldest cities in Italy, Naples has many amazing museums and a wonderful local food culture. From a safety standpoint, Verona is a safe city, with low violent crime rates. 80122 Naples, Italy Telephone: +(39) 081-583-8111 Emergency After-Hours Telephone: +(39) 081-583-8111 Fax: +(39) 081-583-8275 Email: uscitizensnaples@state.gov The Naples consular district includes the regions of Campania, Molise, Basilicata, Puglia, Calabria, and Sicilia. But many areas of the Roman periphery are extensively dilapidated and crime-ridden to a much larger extent than northern and central European counterparts. Take care to keep all of your valuables within line of sight when travelling by train! This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Naples has a few bad titles. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Again though, let me reiterate that I lived in Naples for a relatively long time and never experienced any issues. However, you should try to avoid this area if you can. As the world-famous setting for Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet, Verona is considered one of Italys most romantic cities. This can cause unwanted attention, especially if you travel down a secluded alley or end up in a less busy place. Shouldnt stop you from completing an epic Naples travel itinerary though! The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Conveniently, those people who say that Naples is dangerous seem to always have an anecdote to back it up with. And just fit in. Most taxi drivers in the city are helpful and just want you from A to B safely. There truly is no other city on earth like Venice. Common sense! Their friend of a friend of a friend named Steve went to Naples and got robbed, ergo Naples must be dangerous. Sometimes I even did the unthinkable and walked home alone. Being raised there I have had many experiences directly and indirectly of unsafe situations during day and night. Young drinkers are particularly vulnerable to robbery and physical . Last modified on Sat 2 Oct 2021 15.55 EDT. Criminals have been known to grab the handles off of someones backpack while speeding by on a Vespa. Between the pandemic, ever-worsening cultural division, and a click-hungry media, it can be hard to maintain what is truth and what is sensationalism. As one of the most visited destinations on earth, be wary of pickpockets and scammers, like in most other Italian cities. Being safe anywhere in the world is often all about your own judgement, which means being aware first. Use of cocaine and other psychoactive drugs is reported to be lower within the peninsula, where it has been recorded that 1.7% of young adults have used cocaine in the past year. In fact, Italy held the record amongst the 47 member states of the European Council for drug related convictions. Neighborhoods to avoid in Naples, italy: a brief guide on what are the areas to be avoided to enjoy your vacation in Naples. You might have heard of some sketchy neighbourhoods filled with drug addicts. There are several measures that can be found online, but many are subjective/perceptive, or outdated. Just last month, local and national special police forces arrested a total of 126 alleged members of a Camorra federation which has supposedly been controlling the city and its criminal activities since the late 1990s. If proved in court, these allegations represent the true colonisation of a public space by a traditional mafia a shocking example of how the Camorra continues to infiltrate all aspects of life in the city. Crime rates in Naples Gun crimes & ownership Teleport Zen Planning to move? People, as a result, tend to think that Naples is basically the most dangerous city in Italy. Not dangerous. This can be done by dressing and acting like the locals, which helps further mitigate the risk. Image: Il Sole 24 Ore. In Campania and Naples the Camorra controlled whole swaths of the urban landscape and the underground economy.Several politicians were linked to the Camorra when it siphoned off huge sums of state relief funding after the 1980 earthquake. I love the city its wonderful its people are wonderful is always something wonderful going on at night to watch and see and be involved in the food is amazing the people are amazing and it is very safe. The Crayola crayon color Siena was named after this town because of the burnt orange color of the buildings and stones. I lived in Naples. Perhaps Dave just ran into bad luck. However, people seldom terrify themselves out of travelling to the USA! Its pretty simple and its the very basics of travelling smart. Youll also get to use atram networkin Naples. Safety always represents an unwinnable contest. The most common crime in Naples is often just petty theft, typically in crowded areas and on public transport - the kind of crime you get in many cities. Your chance of being a victim of crime in Naples may be as high as 1 in 19 in the west neighborhoods, or as low as 1 in 73 in the east part of the city. So whilst youre in Naples, the most important thing really is to have fun. This is not just specific to Naples but rings true of anywhere you may travel. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. [3], In 2012, national murder rate was about 0.9 per 100,000 population, one of the lower rates in Western Europe. It's considered as being Italy's most dangerous city. Like most other cities on this list, Bologna receives many tourists during the high season, but the crime rate remains relatively low, except for pickpocketing. That means that if you book your accommodation, buy your gear, or sort your insurance through our link, we earn a small commission (at no extra cost to you). However, at the same time, I go on to appreciate the fact that this underrated edgy city has escaped the eyes and the footprints of most international travellers as a result. xo, hi im frank Most of these things are common sense, travel safety tips. Naples's Violent Crime Stats. Never flash cash or expensive items in public, as you never know who is watching. Located in northern Italy along the Adige River, Verona is like a mini-Rome, due to its incredible Roman sites. 19 Top Safety Tips for Travelling to Naples. Is Naples safe for solo female travellers. Do you have a recommendation on any safe neighborhood? Whats the seasonal weather like in Italy. The crime rate in Naples is very low. To put that in perspective, the US average crime rate is 22.7 for violent crime and 35.4 for property crime. In 2017, New York, a city with about 8,500,000 people, had 285 murders, in 2017 Italy, a country with about 60 million inhabitants, had "only" 355 murders! I think Naples is the unsafest city in Italy. While Florence is still incredibly safe, it is a major city, so apply common sense to certain situations. Nowadays, that same phrase has taken on a more sinister turn. While its not properly dangerous, a bit more caution when walking around here is recommended. If you have a clear plan of where you want to go, and what you want to do in Naples it will help a lot. Naples is safe for solo female travellers. Families and children are a major part of life in Italy, and Naples is no different. Is Naples safe? When you have spent a lot of time in Naples, it is easy to answer that question with a resounding yes. They are good practice when travelling anywhere. [2] Although crime covers the Italian Peninsula, Italy holds some of the lowest toll of rapes and murders in the European Union. For example, the streets arent super pram friendly, theres a lot of traffic, and while there are kid-friendly activities, they maybe arent super obvious. For years before they caught him, the Italian police had no idea that Paolo Di Lauro was one of Naples's most powerful crime bosses, running a drug and counterfeit . What it is REALLY Like to Live on a Greek Island. Traveling soon? Statistics put Milan, Florence, Turin, Genoa, Rome, and Rimini as the most dangerous for crime. They run from 5:30 AM till roughly 11 PM and many dont run on Sundays. Vesuvius, only a few kilometers north of the picturesque Amalfi Coast and a short train ride away from the historic sites of Pompeii and Herculaneum, Naples is one Italian city that falls off the beaten tourist path for many foreigners. They will go on to shuffle away and return to going about their day. In Italy, it is illegal for students below the age of 16 to drop out of school, and the local prosecutor for the minors' court, aware that social workers are swamped, asked school principals to . Bombed? Violent crime is rare in most areas, although muggings do occur in resort areas and cities. On average every month four to five suicides occur in prison. You should be vigilant, but not worried about crime in this city. In 2014, there were 2.8 million,. Wherever you travel, always walk like you know where you are going even if you dont. So here it is. I spent many a night drinking, eating, and laughing in crowded Neapolitan bars, restaurants, and pizzerias. Numbeo Crime Index 2017 Chart. document.getElementById("ak_js_1").setAttribute("value",(new Date()).getTime()); This website uses cookies to improve your experience. A young German whos currently living in Bali, Lus been strolling around on the Island of Gods for the last three years. There are a lot of cheap accommodation options situated around Garibaldi. Ruling reserved in 2019 homicide asking to suppress . . Its easy to use, but its not that comprehensive and gets a lot of pickpockets. Families are welcome in most places around the city. Naples (291 incidents per 100,000 residents) is followed by Catania (261), Milan (251), Turin (231) and Bari (210). More than 13 million people are involved into crime web. Other affiliate programs linking to other recommended products and services are also used. We were in a group of 5 though and nothing happend. Crime rate in Brussels: 8.45 homicides per 100 thousand residents per year. Italy is characterized by its Mediterranean climate, which consists of cold, rainy winters, and hot, dry summers. Since Naples is considered a hotbed of organised crime with shootouts and murders and so for the first time . This way, if someone attempts to steal it, you will feel the pressure of the bags movement. In the heart of Tuscany is the capital Firenze or Florence. Theres a whole lot of good stuff you can get out of seeing the world by yourself, not least the benefits of having to challenge yourself and reaping the rewards of personal growth as a result and then theres the freedom! Do your own research. It claimed that the Triple Alliance had just been for defense. 49 helpful votes. The Italian city of Naples has long been the stronghold of its own brand of mafia known as the Camorra. You dont want to end up in a sketchy area and ruin your trip. Here's Teleport's overview of general safety, crime rates, gun crimes and ownership in Naples, Italy. Many, if not most, parts of the city are very safe. With around 3 million inhabitants in the city limits, Rome is the third-largest in Europe, with 10% of the population being non-Italian. Thieves on foot or motorcycles may try to snatch it. Your Insiders Guide for 2023, Solo Female Travel in Oman 2023 Guide: Why its a Great Idea, Dont wear expensive jewelry or have expensive cameras dangling from your neck. The rate of crime in Naples is 28.02 per 1,000 residents during a standard year. Secondly, if youve done your research and have a rough understanding of where the main sights are and how to get from A to B, you minimize your chances of getting lost or running into problems. Especially in the nightlife district, you can find gay bars and even a few hostels that are targeting LGBTQ+ members and promoting a very welcome and safe stay. The most common crime in Italy is theft. Fraud is a major contributor to Italy's crime rate, with some level of fraud appearing in all sectors of the economy since the country's founding . Naples, Italian Napoli, ancient (Latin) Neapolis ("New Town"), city, capital of Naples provincia, Campania regione, southern Italy. First things first: yes the Mafia does still exist in Naples. Located in the northern province of Piedmont, the Western Alps surround Turin. When it comes to visiting Naples, being smart is key. If you walk with confidence, people are more likely to think that you are a local or that you know the area well. Bologna University is the oldest institution in Europe. Book Now. However, if you use common sense, no problems will arise. Regardless, if you listened to every bad thing you heard about everything ever, you would never leave the house. My husband and I are planning on moving to Naples and staying there for a year. In 1943, when the Allies invaded Italy during World War II, the U.S. made deals with organized-crime bosses in both Sicily and Naples, asking them to provide intelligence and protect American . Because you know the city can be riskier in certain areas, you know to stay alert or avoid them. If you have to walk back alone (especially at night), call a friend for the duration of the journey, itll make you less of a target, and ease some of your stress about it too! I lived in Naples while teaching English in Italy and got to know the city very well. 1. Download Historical Data Save as Image [citation needed], Petty crimes such as pickpocketing, car burglary, and purse snatching are serious problems, especially in large cities. Nor did I encounter anyone who had. There are 206 prisons across the Italian territory. Moreover, Italy is considered one of the EU countries with the highest number of high risk opioid use, with high use of off label drugs. We loved Napoli! Some serious assaults were not reported and tourists can feel trouble-free while in Naples. Italy allows 2nd aid group's migrant rescue boat to dock. However, given that the country is around 730 miles in length from north to south, Italy has various micro-climates where seasonal weather varies greatly from the surrounding area. Youre travelling through Italy to have a break, after all. You need to be careful and aware of your surroundings pretty much anywhere you go in the world, and the same goes for visiting Naples. There is no central bus station in the city, but you can pick up most buses atPiazza Garibaldi. Again, thank you! If you can, try and ensure that you arrive in Naples during daylight hours. We suggest withdrawing your money from a well-lighted bank machine or inside the bank. For while they maintain a strong and lucrative interest in the international drugs market and launder money abroad regularly, a heavy local presence remains key to their income and recruitment strategy. If wearing a handbag, keep it securely tucked under your shoulder. Im presuming that if you confront these naysayers, the majority of them have nothing useful to contribute to answering the question of whether Naples is safe. The most common crime is a petty crime in crowded areas and on public transport. However, there also are some downsides. The most common crime in Naples is often just petty theft, typically in crowded areas (especially tourist sights) and on public transport - the kind of crime you get in many municipalities. Close, Is Naples SAFE for Travel? Felia Allum receives funding from the Leverhulme Trust. The First World War in Italy. That said, we only link to the gear we trust and never recommend services we dont believe are up to scratch. And the good news is that its safe to travel Naples alone and here are some handy insider tips to keep you even safer. The judiciarys arrest warrants focused on activities between 2011 and 2016, seizing real estate and goods with a net worth of 130m. With a safety index of 64, it is a very safe place to visit, but travelers but be aware of theft tricks and scam artists. Milan has a safety index of 66, with pickpocketing being the number one crime, so it is important to watch your valuables. Bag snatchings are common in Naples, as is pick-pocketing. Levels of crime are unevenly spread throughout the peninsula. Overview and forecasts on trending topics, Industry and market insights and forecasts, Key figures and rankings about companies and products, Consumer and brand insights and preferences in various industries, Detailed information about political and social topics, All key figures about countries and regions, Market forecast and expert KPIs for 600+ segments in 150+ countries, Insights on consumer attitudes and behavior worldwide, Business information on 60m+ public and private companies, Detailed information for 35,000+ online stores and marketplaces. Let's dive into the post and understand how to stay safe in Naples. Naples is an atypical Italian city, although many Americans think it is the quintessential Italy. In 2020 Naples reported 21 violent crimes and had a violent crime rate of 109.86 per 100,000 people. It is unfortunate that the Mafia does still cause all manner of problems for local businesses. More information. We have drawn . But while Milan takes the unenviable title of Italy's 'crime capital', things aren't much better in other major cities as Turin (3rd overall), Bologna (4th), Rome (5th), Florence (7th) and Naples (10th) all figure in the top 10. [34] Regions such as Marche, Tuscany, Umbria in the centre and Piedmont, Trentino-Alto Adige/Sdtirol, Liguria and Friuli Venezia Giulia present relatively low criminal indicators compared to other western countries. If the value is 0, it means it is perceived as very low, and if the value is 100, it means it is perceived as very high. For instance, dont unfold giant maps in the middle of sketchy alleys and frantically look around. Our first stop in Naples is Piazza Plebiscito, one of the most photographed locations that can be found in the city center. Youd see Naples, stuff your face, and just die from a foodgasm. With all that in mind, we can confidently say that Naples is pretty safe to visit right now. Think about it logically. The violent crime rate of Canton is 51.7, whereas the property crime rate is 74.5. . These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Overall, about 1.9 million criminal acts were reported in Italy between August 2020 and July 2021. Hey Caroline, yes you are exactly right! According to claims from the Local Antimafia Directorate (DDA), one alleged arm of the Contini clan and one member in particular, who worked as a hospital porter, was apparently able to exert influence and interfere in decisions and projects across the hospital. In and around airports and train stations. The region's diverse problems include activities related to organized crime, waste management emergencies, extortion, muggings, and drugs. The crime rate in Italy varies considerably from region to region but is generally around average for Europe. Search for: Information -Description-Where to find us-Recensioni; Offers; Naples ranks low on the list of hazardous cities in this amazing country (especially if youre backpacking Italy)- even though organised crime is a well-known facet. It does not store any personal data. Chances are youll avoid it and it wont be an issue if you travel smart, that is. Urban Abroad is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to amazon.com, amazon.co.uk, amazon.ca, amazon.de. However, during the war, the Triple Entente as well as the central nations tried to lure Italy into the war. While the country is considered incredibly safe because of the countless tourists that visit each year, many still have safety concerns when leaving their home country. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. You should exercise extra caution at night and at train stations, airports, nightclubs, bars, and outdoor cafes. [4], Homicides in Italy have decreased by 20% in the last ten years, with 0.6 murders per 100.000 people. Plebiscito Square. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Get the best reports to understand your industry, Young people and crime in England and Wales, Politics and political participation in Italy. im in new york, would love to meet you sometime, I think youre beautiful, Of course its safe if youve nothing to lose Dont come with anything of value that show. #Ivano Stella: If you're comparing Naples to Berlin and HK you truly don't have a clue. All in all not a great experience - even the great food can't up my impression! In this respect, all major Southern regions like Sicily (6.8); Calabria (6.5); Apulia (6.2); Campania (6,0) were the safest in the national territory, with the only exception of Friuli Venezia Giulia (5.1) in the North.[15]. The Camorra is the name of the Mafia that operates in this area and it is one of the largest groups in the country. Naples, FL crime analytics Source & Methodology data description Naples Crime Data Crime Index 32 (100 is safest) Safer than 32% of U.S. Cities Naples Annual Crimes Violent Crime Violent Crime Comparison (per 1,000 residents) 20 15 10 5 0 1.19 3.92 National Median: 4 Naples Florida My Chances of Becoming a Victim of a Violent Crime 1 in 842 There is rarely any possibility of escaping payment, and those not complying find their business premises and lives at risk. As a result, it is one of the most visited places on earth. Ideally, grab a taxi and stick with a group when getting around after dark. More than 1 million cases are reported per year, with the highest theft rates being in the provinces of Rimini and Milan. This city boasts world-renowned mosaics, many dating to the 5th and 6th centuries. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. There are three lines connecting central Naples with Vomere and a fourth that connects MergellinatoPosillipo. Especially in the districts near the main railway station are nearly only poor people and refugees, garbage is everywhere and even poop on the sidewalks. The best of the best: the portal for top lists & rankings: Strategy and business building for the data-driven economy: Prison population and capacity in Italy 2023, Total number of crimes in Italy 2014-2020, Number of mafia associations in Italy 2020, by region, Total number of crimes in Italy from 2014 to 2020, Number of crimes in Italy 2019, by region, Number of crimes in Italy in 2019, by region, Leading provinces for crime rate in Italy in 2020 (number of cases per 100,000 inhabitants), Crimes reported by the police forces to the judicial authority in Italy 2019, by type, Number of crimes reported by the police forces to the judicial authority in Italy in 2019, by type of crime, Prison population in Italy 2021, by crime type, Prison population in Italy as of 2021, by crime type, Total number of thefts in Italy from August 2011 to July 2021, Leading provinces for theft rate in Italy in 2020 (number of cases per 100,000 inhabitants), Total number of robberies in Italy from August 2011 to July 2021, Leading provinces for robbery rate in Italy in 2020 (number of cases per 100,000 inhabitants), Residential burglary rate in Italy 2020, by province, Leading provinces for residential burglary rate in Italy in 2020 (number of cases per 100,000 inhabitants), Extortion rate in Italy 2020, by province, Leading provinces for extortion rate in Italy in 2020 (number of cases per 100,000 inhabitants), Total number of homicides in Italy from August 2011 to July 2021, Number of female victims of homicide in Italy from 2002 to 2020, Number of sexual violence cases reported to the authorities in Italy 2014-2019, Number of sexual violence cases reported to the authorities in Italy from 2014 to 2019, Number of sexual violence cases reported to the authorities in Italy 2019, by region, Number of sexual violence cases reported to the authorities in Italy in 2019, by region, Number of hate crimes in Italy 2020, by type, Number of hate crimes recorded by the police in Italy in 2020, by type, People reported for drug offences in Italy 2006-2020, Number of people reported for drug offences in Italy from 2006 to 2020, Quantity of cocaine seized in Italy from 2010 to 2020 (in kilograms), Quantity of heroin seized in Italy from 2010 to 2020 (in kilograms), Quantity of marijuana seized in Italy from 2010 to 2020 (in kilograms), Number of mafia-type associations in Italy 2004-2020, Number of mafia-type organizations in Italy from 2004 to 2020, Number of mafia-type organizations in Italy in 2020, by region, Mafia organization complaints in Italy 2020, by province, Leading provinces for mafia organization complaints in Italy in 2020 (number of complaints per 100,000 inhabitants), Value of assets seized and confiscated from organized crime in Italy 2021, Value of assets seized and confiscated from organized crime in Italy from August 2020 to July 2021 (in million euros), Number of hate crimes recorded by the police in Italy from 2014 to 2020, Hate crimes in Italy 2020, by bias motivation, Number of hate crimes recorded by the police in Italy in 2020, by bias motivation.