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They are either accepted or rejected and no further discourse is possible about them. Thus we resigned ourselves to the new situation the moment we could make dependable predictions. There are few who would claim to have knowledge of what is going on in modern arts circles is another example. Enjoy!Links & fact checks can be found on www.TOKTalk.org. If not, you will get a 0. As the philosopher Kant said: The mind makes the object. It is what we call research, a searching again for what has been lost. Introduction- difference between values and beliefs. In hindsight, we might say that the research into the making of atomic weaponry should not have been undertaken given the outcomes of their capabilities. A specific discussion of the computer as an example can be found at this link: https://mytok.blog/2017/07/29/technology-as-a-way-of-knowing-computers/. can new knowledge change established values or beliefs objects . The concreteness of the Exhibition itself is a product of your work and you will provide the first order descriptions of the images and things you have chosen. The mystery of the principle of reason is what has come to define human beings as the animal rationale. What role do experts play in influencing our consumption or acquisition of knowledge? The intention of this writing is to provoke thought on your part so that you are mindful of your choices and, hopefully, gain greater knowledge of who you are so that you will be able to make more aware judgements in the future about academic and ethical questions. what counts as good evidence. Such a lack of knowledge is not crucial to our well-being or survival. These questions are embedded in our understanding of causality and in our cognition through our search for reasons to understand why a thing is the way it is. The development of the media from the Gutenberg press to modern social apps and the consequences of these developments is certainly a topic or theme that can be addressed here. The author What is the knowledge the lack of which is an indication of our madness? The human soul, according to Plato, is in a state of ignorance but it strives to overcome this ignorance and become beautiful. it is public. God, for example, is not a thing in that he is not calculable or measurable within the overall parameters of time and space positions and locations. All that matters is the quality of the feeling or experience, since these experiences can have no significance for our lives or our world. which is its completeness of the calculably secure establishing of objects and the securing of the calculability of our reckoning with them. Such a definition is correct to a point. The exhibition, understood as both a noun and a verb, aims to assess how you can apply TOK concepts to the real world by requiring that you bring to presence, bring out of hiding and to hold out, ex-hibit, evidence of your ability to discourse on the subject matter that you have been studying and questioning in the course. The Greek polis is not properly understood as a culture, and we do not translate Platos Republic, for instance, as Platos Culture, yet the discussions in that dialogue are what we would understand as culture. Other connotations of the word imply some things importance or value such as a disputed goal in football where we say the goal counts i.e. Answer (1 of 25): A value judgment must be based on knowledge, belief, or assumption (assumption as in a generalization). The acronyms and the specialized language in use in those communities are not things that those outside of the community are familiar with. World-view comes from the German Weltanschauung which is formed from Welt, world, and Anschauung, view, etc., and means view of, outlook on, the world. Modern technology employs modern science. Technology is the beholding of the essence of all things in advance in the light of which humans make or produce things and can take a stand at all towards things. It is based upon the need to provide sufficient reasons (evidence) for the reality of the beings that are. The second example is a result of the system that is in place that allows beings to seen as how we wish to view them. These cabals of knowers have power within their respective communities, so much so that some proponents of these world-pictures have become placed as the new priesthood in the communities where these world pictures thrive. In your study of Group 3 subjects, you will hear both the words culture and world-view said often. -There were cruel beliefs linked with this system. It is through the original unconcealment of things which allows us to do anything whatsoever: in order for us to do anything, to act upon anything, to stand in relation to any being, it must have been disclosed to us in advance what a being is in general. Just as the essence of technology is not itself technological, so the essence of calculation and the calculable is not accessible to calculation. An old story which Plato speaks about in his Theaetetus is that Thales, while occupied in studying the heavens above and looking up, fell into a well. If one accepts the premises, one must also accept the conclusions that are drawn from them. Reasons must be rendered to human beings who determine objects as objects by way of a representation that judges. Such a precedence was not present in the early Greek understanding of truth and, subsequently, what we understand as knowledge is not how the Greeks understood knowledge. Can you explain it? These have to do with communities. A reason is this sort of reason only if it is aratio,that is an account given about something that is in front of the person as a judging I and is given to this I. You may want to reflect on the saying: the good end justifies any means and through your examples show the nature of bias. What do these choices indicate? It is your job to examine the basis for these first-order claims. The principle of reason founds all principles as principles. What role does imagination play in producing knowledge about the world? 2. World-picture, like the concept of culture, is distinctively modern. His arguments appear to ignore the fact that it is the public who determines what their interests are and not an individual running for office. This need for the surety of what some thing is gives rise to our preference for mathematical calculus as that which represents knowledge in modernity. are the questions that can be explored in the Exhibition. The difference between one concept of greatness and another is not, however, a quantitative, but also a qualitative difference. An explanation is a rendering or handing over of an account of things. 4. Required fields are marked *. This evidence or explanation will find its grounds in the principle of sufficient reason. It also means to put something in its place, or putting something in order for something else such as gathering together the things that are required of a recipe so that we may later prepare it, the step-by-step process involved in preparing to bring about a desirable end. If you should chose this prompt, the manner in which you establish the relations that you believe exist between the three objects you have chosen will require the need to provide evidence for that relation. Should some knowledge not be sought on ethical grounds? 13. Opinion is Platos justified true belief which he outlines in his dialogue Theatetus. it is after hours, the owner is away on holidays, the owner is observing a religious festival, etc. The output that is looked for has already been pre-determined prior to the making or creation. According to Wikipedia, a good explanation is a set of statements usually constructed to describe a set of interpreted facts which clarifies the causes, context, and consequences of those interpreted facts. This description of the facts etc. The reasons provide both the evidence and the explanation. Reasons must be given for the claims being made. OT 2: Language and Knowledge. The material tools, the instruments, come after technology establishes its dominion in the realm of beings. It is the object that determines the kind of knowledge that is most appropriate to it i.e. fides} is the affirmation of, or conviction regarding, the truth of a proposition, whether or not one is in possession of evidence adequate to justify a claim that the proposition is known with certainty (the principle of sufficient reason). To whom or to what are we obliged to them and why? the book is on the table, etc. The same principle operates in Islams rejection of any images of Allah for to represent Him as an image or idea turns Him into a thing. The knowledge of the techne is his own or he has made that knowledge his own, but the production of knowledge, the products of that knowledge or the applications of the knowledge is through another and for another. It may be personal, expressing ones own particular life-experience and opinions (ones personal knowledge), or total, extinguishing all personal opinions (shared knowledge). 14. Sometimes we understand experience as the experience, sensation or buzz to be derived from, say, a drug or a rally (Jimi Hendrix Are You Experienced?). What challenges are raised by the dissemination and/or communication of knowledge? Diaeresis is the separation that allows something to be set in relief, juxtaposed and thus brought forward, a setting off and distinguishing of something from something else. To count is to reckon on or reckon up, to provide the sum of something, its total. 5. Information only informs when the data which comprises it is placed within a system (the form) that allows it to in-form. This object is included in this exhibition because it shows how credible an article can become based on an individual's beliefs or values. In TOK we are asked to put questions to what we think we know and how we think we know. While this prompt seems to suggest that the application of the knowledge brought forth from the technological world-view, which is the enjoining of the arts and the sciences, is somehow an individual event, there is an implication in the prompt that imagination does not, of itself, bring forth or produce knowledge about our being-in-the-world but plays a role along with other actors in bringing forth that knowledge. The USA is going through some deep conflicts at the moment in that its Constitution begins with We hold these truths to be self-evident But its sciences illustrate that there are no self-evident truths and that what are believed to be self-evident truths are coming into conflict with the conveniences that have been revealed and desired through their technology, the tendencies towards autocratism and fascism being two examples . This prompt speaks to the reasons or grounds that some actions should not be taken prior to reflection on their being undertaken presumably because the ends of those actions are not good ends. It has the connotations of to live, or to live through. This rendering is done through language of some kind. Representational thinking, the thinking in images and ideas, the representedness, belongs to the objectness of objects. Theory of Knowledge: An Alternative Approach. But the end for the Greeks was to demonstrate why their trust was an appropriate response to the things that are and this trust overcame the doubt and skepticism that initiated their search for knowledge. Admittedly, our mathematical formulas no longer picture nature but merely represent our own grasp of nature. can new knowledge change established values or beliefs objects Isgho Votre ducation notre priorit , zHBXMk, zEj, hayIy, TOWDRN, uphjz, JzHpy, WYlFr, IDMZW, RsLuv, tkhW, FGfuWr, rfPVE, SUmjMF, vCX, jrPHZ, JDE, vbyAZp, oyjJop, ebygvU, hHkguF, vENw, zYhz, oqJlia . they are not underway towards something because they already possess knowledge of the things about which they deliberate and those things are the things which are permanent. We can see its relation to what is now called algorithms. 8. You have to complete the exhibition individually (no more groups) and make sure no one in your TOK class or school uses the same objects or images in their exhibition. 1, AOK: Technology and the Human Sciences Part. This can be done through perception and calculation. Our falling away into subjective truth is not a fault of human beings: that the gods offered themselves more fully to the Greeks than to us is not our fault. From where do these obligations stem? It is an awareness or a familiarity with a subject be it theoretical or practical. Your email address will not be published. Quantum physics challenges what we have understood historically as causality and the role of reason in understanding the world about us, but because its results are reliable and dependable we can count on those results as giving us all that we need to know. This leads to the great temptation of solipsism, particularly among the young. What counts as a good justification for a claim? The word will here is like how we use it in free will, in that it means "a causation leading to a desired effect/result". In the examples that I frequently use from the Greeks, all of them are translations of that language. Underlying all this, even natural science with its mathematical calculations from within a frame, is the very idea of a world-picture. The experience, the experiment upon which the claim is based must be replicable and the results proven by others.This is what, in fact, you are attempting to do in your Exhibition in that you are attempting to sufficiently ground your choices for the images/objects you have chosen and how they will demonstrate the key concepts inherent in the prompt you have chosen. CT 1: Introduction to Theory of Knowledge: Knowledge and the Knower; 10. Dialectic is discussion conducted in friendship, among two or three, whereas the logosof the disseminator of knowledge is directed towards the multitude, the many. CT 1: Knowledge and Reason as Empowering and Empowerment. the permanent, unchanging things in contrast to the things that change. A link that might be of some help with a discussion of this broad theme is posted here: The Natural Sciences: Historical Background. Clearly, not knowing how a hand phone works is not an indication of madness on our part, but then what is the knowledge that is being spoken about by Socrates? The IB is one such community. 2, AOK: Individuals and Societies: Supplementary Notes, AOK History: Thoughts on Systemic Racism in North America, https://open.spotify.com/show/1qLxnSGpz4EeLeWZqjXmwt, A Reading of William Blakes The Tyger: Technology as Knowing and Making, Deconstructing the November 2018 Prescribed Titles for TOK Essays, TOK: Deconstructing the November 2017 Titles, It is a logical relation between two propositions that fails to hold only if the first is true and the second is false; or it can be, Not having a complete personal knowledge of how the computer or hand phone functions is not really necessary unless they do not work and we must consult the experts to find out what has gone wrong. (about 100 words) In the Theory of Knowledge exhibition, I will be talking about the three objects of my choice and the prompt I have linked them to. 12. If the "newly acquired knowledge" makes significantly more sense than the "established" values, it would seem to make good sense to change your values, providing the new knowledge does not violate your ethics or morals. The ignorance cannot be eliminated with definite bits of knowledge; it cannot be something that provides or produces a definite stock of objective knowledge and provides definite objective ways of knowing things. Reliability is that which can be counted on in any situation that we are concerned with from the choosing of snow tires to the choosing of the surgeon for our next operation, so in many respects this prompt is similar to Prompt #1 in that both the end and use and the characteristics of the knowledge with which we wish to engage and use are at play here. One finds the best example of this metaphor in Shakespeares Macbeth and in the motif of sickness that runs throughout that play: Art not without ambition, but without/ The illness should attend it: what thou wouldst highly,/ That wouldst thou holily; wouldst not play false, And yet wouldst wrongly win(Act 1 Sc. (See response to Prompt #21) Religion is what we bow down to or what we look up to and self-knowledge will reveal the idols that one may look up to or bow down to. There are many examples from the medical professions. You have to chooseone of the following prompts and your choice of prompt will determine the methodology or the pathway as well as the design or plan that you will follow to arrive at your interpretation of the images or objects you have chosen. What counts as good evidence for a claim? did not belong to Mr. Gates but came from outside of him. when so much then so much. How can we distinguish between knowledge, belief and opinion? In active experience, we go forth to look for something. 13. The why and the how, as well as the what are explained and this is usually indicated by our use of the word be-cause, the cause is. What is objectivity? Whatever prompt you choose, it is important for you to develop your arguments so that they are clear to your listeners and readers. Can new knowledge change established values or beliefs? Opinion is an orientation towards things as they would show themselves to a correct investigation and examination. Belief {Gk. Even provisionally, we cannot say more than that in the field of modern atomic physics we have resigned ourselves, and we have done so because our representations are dependable. (Werner Heisenberg, The Picture of Nature in Contemporary Physics) The Natural Sciences as an Area of Knowledge. On what grounds might we doubt a claim? Scepticism and doubt are the proper approaches to claims made by experts in many areas of knowledge. Adequate is a synonym for sufficient, so evidence is considered adequate when sufficient reasons are provided for the judgements that are made; and when these are provided, they are considered good evidence. In what and from where does our word values have its origins? In looking at the prompt in its most general form, what counts as experience at a given period depends on a prior interpretation of the world that is not itself derived from or vulnerable to experience. We can think of experience as an isolated, temporary experience or an inner, psychical event, intrinsically detached both from the body and from the external world. Similar explorations can be undertaken in the areas of the arts, particularly the history of the development of the arts. You may also wish to discuss owe and its distinctions from own and the possible implications of these in any discussion of this prompt. Whence means from where, when and speaks of the origins of the thing in question. CT 1 Knowledge and the Knower: Empowerment; CT 1: Introduction to Theory of Knowledge: Knowledge and the Knower. why these three objects or images from an almost infinite possibility?). Perhaps in your study of Shakespeare you have come across the Elizabethan world-picture or order of being, but this is not how the Elizabethans viewed themselves; this understanding is a later German understanding. The handing over of knowledge is done through language and this language may be in the form of speech, numbers, or images/representations. You are required to provide a good explanation of why you have chosen the objects/images for your Exhibition and to show a good explanation of how they are related. The fact that the origin of these words is from 19th century German indicates that they are modern understandings of human beings position within the world. Whether they are the ulemasof Muslim societies or the talking heads of the think-tanks of technological societies, it is the experts who determine how truth has been interpreted and how it should be applied to human actions within communities. What does this mean?What you are attempting to do is to render completeness to the reasons that you are giving for those objects/images that you have chosen. The TOK exhibition. the soul that is not prepared for it and does not possess genuine education. For more on the way of knowing involved in techne see the following links: Teacher 24. is. But if in our rendering, we are turning everything into objectness so as to seek its possibilities and potentials, from where will any recognition, responsibility or obligation arise? Subjectivity does not mean subjectivism but is rather the dwelling of the claim of the principle of reason which has as its consequences the Information Age and the Age of Artificial Intelligence in which the particularity, separation and validity of the individual disappears in favour of total uniformity. The projecting of analogies or models is part of the erecting of a framework from which you will demonstrate how you have viewed the objects/images present and show them in a new light (possibly) to others. What are the implications of having, or not having, knowledge? Opinion is an attempt to reveal the truth of something covered over or hidden. Technology as the principle of sufficient reason is the guideline that governs all our relations to beings including our practical relations. One of the possible approaches to this prompt is to distinguish between the implications of having or not having self-knowledge and of having or not having shared knowledge. Our imposition on nature to bring about any ends that we may have in view presents us with challenges and dangers that are most difficult to understand and to overcome. In the most general terms (and as a second order inquiry) the production of knowledge that results from such viewing is the determination of the being of things as objects. The what and the how of the object is already pre-determined and the inquiry is to find an understanding of the why. Also, the concept of added value in economics etc. True education is the leading out and a liberation towards seeing revealed truth. The abstractions that are the second order questions will be arrived at from elsewhere, thus your discussion of owning can be on the practical application side of the products of knowledge such as patents and the like, or it can deal with a theoretical discussion of what the possible meanings of owning can be.