1986-ban elkezdtk pteni Casablancban a ma II. As Fraile continued, Mohamed VI had a very particular affection for this country, beyond the fraternal relationship with Juan Carlos I and his family. She married Hassan II in 1961. [46][47] The next day, Hassan attended the funerals of royalist soldiers killed during the attempted coup. Lalla Fatima bint Qaid Amhourok: Fills: Mohammed VI Prncep Moulay Rachid Princess Lalla Meryem of Morocco Asma del Marroc Hasna del Marroc: Pares: Mohammed V Lalla Abla bint Tahar: Germans: Prince Moulay Abdallah of Morocco , Lalla Amina of Morocco , . special thanks - as His Majesty King Hassan II, grateful acknowledgment - as His Majesty Hassan II King of Morocco, the producers thank for the co-operation given in the making of this picture - as H.M. King Hassan II of Morocco. Save record. Married also in 1961, they had no children. 1967) Moulay Rachid (sz. Super Nanny pisode Complet, Female. "Hassan II" redirects here. There were many who suspected that Hassan II had a hand in his father's sudden death. [39] In 1991, he pardoned 2000 prisoners, including political prisoners and people held in secret prisons including the ones in Tazmamart. Ez a szcikk rszben vagy egszben a Hassan II of Morocco cm angol Wikipdia-szcikk Az eredeti cikk szerkesztit annak . He was wedded to Lalla Latifa Hammou. He also has two half-sisters from his fathers other wives Lalla Fatima Zohra from his fathers first marriage and Lalla Amina from his fathers third marriage. [28] Oufkir was later suspected of orchestrating a failed coup d'tat to kill Hassan. 1970) A kirly szintn 1961-ben vette felesgl Lalla Fatima bint Qaid Amhourok-t, de gyermekk nem szletett. tryon medical patient portal athena login; should i watch horsin' around before bojack horseman. The king also had one other wife, Lalla Fatima bint Qaid Amhourok. [4] The privacy accorded to her in Morocco is so great that attempts to publish photos of her in the Moroccan newspaper Al Ayam were found to violate Moroccan law (in accord with a 1956 decree prohibiting publication of photos of the king and his family without authorization).[5]. Children of King Hassan II and Lalla Latifa Hammou. Prince Moulay Hassan participated in the February 1956 negotiations for Morocco's independence with his father, who later appointed him Chief of Staff of the newly founded Royal Armed Forces in April 1956. She married Hassan II in 1961. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. What is Miss Elizabeth doing now? She married Hassan II on 9 November 1961 [citation needed] in a double . [3] There were close and continuing ties between Hassan II's government and the CIA, who helped to reorganize Morocco's security forces in 1960. The period from the 1960s to the late 1980s was labelled as the "years of lead"[6][7] and saw thousands of dissidents jailed, killed, exiled or forcibly disappeared. In Biographical Summaries of Notable People. Hassan II (July 9, 1929-July 23, 1999) was King of Morocco from 1961 to his death. The father of Hassan II was Mohammed V of Morocco, his mother was Lalla Abla bint Tahar. The first, in 1971, was coup d'tat attempt allegedly supported by Libya, organized by General Mohamed Medbouh and Colonel M'hamed Ababou and carried out by cadets during a function at the King's summer palace in Rabat during his forty-second birthday party. Une esprance brise", "Ethiopia Awards Pan-African Prize to Morocco's Late King Hassan II", "Ethiopia awards Pan-African Prize to late King Hassan II for his dedication to African emancipation, Pan-Africanism", "Disparition de l'actrice franaise Etchika Choureau, premier amour de Hassan II", "Etchika Choureau, le grand amour de Hassan II", "Etchika Choureau, grand amour interdit de Hassan II, dcde l'ge de 92 ans", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_of_Morocco&oldid=1142801966, On 1 November 2022, Hassan was posthumously awarded the Pan-African Prize for his contributions to the establishment of the, This page was last edited on 4 March 2023, at 13:01. In truth, he claims to be the creator of a report on the tendencies of the Alaouite monarch. Mohammed V.a Marokokoa sultanaren bigarren semea izan zen. Beitrags-Autor: Beitrag verffentlicht: Juni 4, 2022 Beitrags-Kategorie: how to respond to thank you email professionally Beitrags-Kommentare: aita for walking out of the delivery room aita for walking out of the delivery room Maruku pulitiku wan Qhapaq. The royal family of Morocco is said to be one of the wealthiest in the world. He died from natural causes and was buried in the Mausoleum of Mohammed V. He had five children with his wife Lalla Latifa Hammou and none with his wife Lalla Fatima bint Qaid Ould Hassan Amhourak, who he both married in 1961. February 27, 2023 new bill passed in nj for inmates 2022 No Comments . Hassan II.a Rabaten jaio zen, Marokon, 1929ko uztailaren 9an. Steve ScaliseUnited States Representative. [112][113] In 1961, King Hassan II married Lalla Latifa Amahzoune, an ethnic Zayane. [59] A peace treaty and armistice ended the war in on 15 January 1969. There were several controversies during his lifetime. A truth commission was set up after his death to investigate allegations of human rights violations during his reign. Cite this record . It was a title in the Norman kingdom of Sicily, applied to palatine officials and members of the curia, usually to those who were Muslims or converts to Islam. The father of Hassan II was Mohammed V of Morocco, his mother was Lalla Abla bint Tahar. He was the eldest son of Mohammed V, Sultan, then King of Morocco (1909-1961), and his second wife, Lalla Abla bint Tahar (1909-1992). The crowd knew that, soon, they would have to deal with an atypical Commander of the Faithful, a first in Morocco, writes Issou. Lalla Fatima bint Qaid Amhourok Lalla Abla bint Tahar: Lapset: Lalla Meryem Muhammad VI Lalla Asma Lalla Hasna Moulay Rachid: Suku: Alaouite: Is: Muhammad V: iti: Lalla Abla bint Tahar: Uskonto: sunnilaisuus: Hassan II (9. heinkuuta 1929 - 23. heinkuuta 1999) (arab. [35][7] The constitution provoked strong political protest from the UNFP and the Istiqlal and other leftist parties that formed the opposition at the time. El rei Hassan II, l'any 1983 . Hassan and Amahzoune had five children: "Hassan II" and "Hasan II" redirect here. Bubble Shooter 4 Gratuit, Makita castorama. His mother Lalla Abla bint Tahar was the second wife of King Mohammed V. She was the daughter of Moulay Mohammed al-Tahar bin Hassan el Errahali. [16][8], In 1952, Prince Hassan earned a master's degree in public law from the University of Bordeaux before serving in the French Navy on board the Jeanne d'Arc cruiser. hassan ii lalla fatima bint qaid amhourok. Les experts miami saison 10. King Hassan II Biography, Facts & Life Story Updated 2021. There were close and continuing ties between Hassan II's government and the CIA, who helped to reorganize Morocco's security forces in 1960. In Morocco's first constitution of 1963, Hassan II reaffirmed Morocco's choice of a multi-party political system, the only one in the Maghreb. Hassan II; Hassan II in Andrews Air Force Base, Maryland: King of Morocco: Reign: 26 February 1961 - 23 July 1999 (38 years, 142 days) Predecessor: Mohammed V: Successor: Mohammed VI: Spouse . The attempted coups reportedly enforced Hassan's rule over Morocco. The couple divorced in 1999, just months before Hassan II's death. He had five sisters and one brother: Lalla Fatima Zohra, born on 29 June 1929 in Rabat, died on 10 August 2014 in Cabo Negro (from the first marriage of Mohammed V of Morocco). In the Cold War era, Hassan II allied Morocco with the West generally, and with the United States in particular. Al-Hssan ibn Muhmmad ibn Yssuf al-Alaw , conegut com a Hassan II , fou rei del Marroc de la dinastia alauita i va regnar 38 anys . One of his first decisions as sovereign was to dissolve the royal harem, a historical symbol for the country. King Hassan II died on July 23, 1999. [7] 2/3 of the wealth of the "Moroccanised" economy was concentrated in 36 Moroccan families. He was later sentenced to death by firing squad. [10][11], In 1947, Prince Hassan participated in his father's speech in Tangier (then part of the Tangier International Zone). In addition to the language, they are well acquainted with the popular reality of the neighboring country and there are those who have seen in this contact with Spanish society a part of the modernization of the Moroccan court. [57][29][55] Hassan declared that he "must not place [his] trust in anyone" after what he perceived as treason from Oufkir. Mohamed VI made a commitment to Salma to dismantle all this ritual of exaltation of polygamy. He was buried in the Mausoleum of Mohammed V in Rabat. The couple divorced in 1999, just months before Hassan IIs death. [69][70] In Operation Yachin, he allowed over 97,000 Moroccan Jews to be migrated to Israel from 1961 to 1964 in exchange for weapons and training for Morocco's security forces and intelligence agencies. Hassan II a eu cinq enfants avec Lalla Latifa Hammou, portant tous la qualification d'altesse royale: He had five sisters and one brother: "Hasan II" and "Hassan II" redirect here. Hassan II (Arabic: , romanized:al-asan a-hn;[a] 9 July 1929 23 July 1999) was the King of Morocco from 1961 until his death in 1999. Discover your ancestry - search Birth, Marriage and Death certificates, census records, immigration lists and other records - all in one family search! destination wedding in udaipur under 15 lakhs; claude dallas bull camp Marie avec l'homme d'affaires Khalid Bouchentouf en 1986 [1], Lalla Asmaa est la mre de Moulay El Yazid [2] et de Lalla Nouhaila. In Memoirs of a Moroccan Soldier, Issou makes no reference to Princess Salma and the wedding of Mohamed VI, who soon had children (in 2003, just one year after their marriage, Crown Prince Moulay Hassan was born and in 2007, Princess Lalla Khadija). A few months before Hassan IIs disappearance, in July 1999, she met the then crown prince and they immediately became engaged. He was the eldest son of Mohammed V, Sultan, then King of Morocco (19091961), and his second wife, Lalla Habiba (19141992). Princess Lalla Meryem of Morocco ( , born 26 August 1962 in Rome, Italy) is the first daughter and eldest child of the late King Hassan II of Morocco and his second wife, Lalla Latifa Hammou. Military Wiki is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. Lalla Fatima bint Qaid Amhourok, Lalla Latifa: Children: Mohammed VI of Morocco, Princess Lalla Meryem of Morocco, Prince Moulay Rachid of Morocco, Princess Lalla Hasna of Morocco . This was openly discussed in the well-to-do salons of good society in Rabat and Casablanca throughout the last years of Hassan IIs reign. [3][17][18][19], He was forced into exile by French authorities on 20 August 1953, along with his family and father, they were deported to Zonza, Corsica. Hassan II of Morocco net worth is $1 billion Hassan II of Morocco Wiki: Salary, Married, Wedding, Spouse, Family His Majesty King Hassan II of Morocco was born on July 9, 1929 in Rabat, Morocco as Mawlay Hassan Muhammad Ibn Yusuf. The royal family acquired the mining group Monagem.[89]. hassan ii lalla fatima bint qaid amhourokmaison marine le pen millas. Raja Hassan II juga memiliki satu istri lainnya bernama Lalla Fathimah binti Qaid Amhourok yang juga dinikahinya pada tahun 1961, mereka tidak mempunyai anak. It is only among the proofs of the presence that the culture of Spain has always had in the court of Morocco. 3) Princess Lalla Asmaa She was born on September 29, 1965. Introduction la botanique pdf. Hassan II. Allegedly born Fatima Amahzoune, but called Latifa (to avoid confusion with her cousin, the king's alleged first wife, Lalla Fatima bint Qaid Ould Hassan Amhourak), she is of the Zayane Arab , related to Mouha ou Hammou Zayani, and niece of the Qaid Ould Hassan Amhourak. His critics accused him of human rights abuses, while his supporters praised him for his economic and social reforms. Lalla Fatima Bint Qaid Amhourok. In 1988, the contract for the construction of the Great Mosque of Casablanca, a considerable project in scale, financed through compulsory contributions, was awarded to Francis Bouygues, one of the most powerful businessmen in France and personal friend of the King. [84], Hassan eventually came to develop very good relations with France, especially with parts of the French media and financial elite. by. During an interview, Hassan stated that "as an Islamic people, [Morocco has] the right to practice bigamy. [67][68], Hassan II was alleged to have covertly cooperated with the State of Israel and Israeli intelligence. 1965) Lalla Hasna (sz. "Hassan II" redirects here. This invisibility contrasts with the prominence always given to Lalla Salma, the beautiful and exotic wife of King Mohamed VI. Hassan II divorced Latifa in 1965. Hassan II's third wife was Princess Lalla Salma, with whom he had two children: Prince Moulay Hassan and Princess Lalla Salma. King Hassan II and Lalla Latifa Hammou had five children together- the first being born just a year after their marriage. His body, however, was found with several bullet wounds.[4]. The father of Hassan II was Mohammed V of Morocco, his mother was Lalla Abla bint Tahar. Lalla Salma is always next to her husband, she does not usually miss any official trip and has her schedule of events independent of the Kings. Mohammed was the second child and oldest son of Hassan II and his secondary wife, Lalla Latifa Hammou. Born Fatima Amahzoune, but called Latifa (to avoid confusion with her cousin, the king's first wife, the former Lalla Fatima bint Qaid Ould Hassan Amhourak), Lalla Latifa is the daughter of a senior Berber notable of the Zayane tribe, related to Mouha ou Hammou Zayani, and niece of the Qaid Ould Hassan Amhourak. Meteo oltenita roumanie. [40] In 1998, the first opposition-led government was elected by Hassan. [1][5][6], Mawlay al-Hassan bin Mohammed bin Yusef al-Alawi was born on 9 July 1929, at the Dar al-Makhzen in Rabat during the French Protectorate of Morocco as the eldest son to Sultan MohammedV and his 2nd wife, Lalla Abla bint Tahar, as a member of the 'Alawi dynasty. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. King Hassan II of Morocco in a photo from the family album next to his five children. He was very well educated and had immense knowledge about technology, architecture and medicine. King Hassan II and his wife had five children: Princess Lalla Meriem (1962), King Mohamed VI (1963), Lalla Asmaa (1965), Princess Lalla Hasna (1967) & Prince Moulay Rachid (1970). Save this record and choose the information you want to add to your family tree. VAL-15 web A adnansheikh.info Terjemahan kata LALLA dari bahasa inggris ke bahasa indonesia dan contoh penggunaan "LALLA" dalam kalimat dengan terjemahannya: Lalla Takerkoust. She is exotic because her copper hair, always devoid of the veil, and her honey look have enchanted the Moroccan people who carefully contemplate all her steps through gossip magazines and television. [7][58] The war heavily damaged both countries economy, Hassan asked citizens to not celebrate Eid al-Adha due to the economic recession caused by the war. King Hassan II had extended many parliamentary functions[citation needed] by the early 1990s and released hundreds of political prisoners in 1991, and allowed the Alternance, where the opposition assumed power, for the first time in the Arab World. The coffin of King Hassan II, carried by King Mohamed VI, his brother Prince Moulay Rachid and his cousin Moulay Hicham, was covered with a green fabric, in which the first prayer of Islam, "There is no god but Allah", is inscribed in golden letters.[8]. During his reign, Morocco recovered the Spanish-controlled area of Ifni in 1969, and military seized two thirds of Spanish Sahara through the "Green March" in 1975. King Hassan was educated at the Imperial College at Rabat, and earned a law degree from the University of Bordeaux. 1953an, frantses autoritateek Madagaskarrera erbesteratu zuten aitarekin batera, nahiz eta . Raja Hassan II memiliki lima saudara perempuan dan satu saudara laki-laki: Lalla Meryem (1962) Sidi Muhammad (1963), rei Mohammed VI; Lalla Asma (1965) Lalla Hasna (1967) Mulay Rashid (1970) El 1961 es va casar amb Lalla Fatima bint Qaid Amhourok. Hassan died of natural causes; he was in his birth town at the age of 70 on 23 July 1999. Little, or to be much more concise nothing, was known of her life at the time she stepped out of the palace marbles. The ties of affection and complicity that unite the Moroccan royal residence with Spain are greater than what the crowd imagines, wrote Alfredo Fraile, a trusted man of Adolfo Surez, manager of Julio Iglesias and great rapporteur on the Spain of the Transition, in his memoirs, Confessible Mysteries. Accustomed to his great media exposure, this week his presence was missed in the unusual image that MAP, the Official Moroccan News Agency, has disseminated. His image in France was tarnished however following the publication in 1990 of Gilles Perrault's Our Friend the King, in which the writer describes the conditions of detention in the Tazmamart prison, the repression of left-wing opponents and Sahrawis, political assassinations, but also the social situation and the poverty in which the majority of Moroccans live. He was the eldest son of Mohammed V, Sultan, then King of Morocco (19091961), and his wife Lalla Abla bint Tahar (19091992). He was the eldest son of Mohammed V, Sultan, then King of Morocco (19091961), and his second wife, Lalla Habiba (19141992). The constitution gave the King large powers he eventually used to strengthen his rule, which provoked strong political protest from the UNFP and the Istiqlal parties that formed the backbone of the opposition. For her, with a solid academic background and a brilliant but short career, it would have been impossible to accept. Details About Alex Lawther from Black Mirror - Is Who is Zac Efron brother, Dylan Efron? Death, Pregnant, Wedding, Details About Jill Hennessy: Husband, Net Worth, Sister, Family, Details About Genie Francis: Daughter, Family, Husband, Net Worth, Details About Phyllis George: Net Worth, Spouse, Parents, Husband, What is Larry Brown doing now? According to the journalist Ignacio Cembrero, Issou, who worked as a Spanish spy, had to take refuge in Ceuta with false documentation in 2000 and in 2010 he managed to prevent some compatriots from kidnapping him at his home in Madrid. [7][8][9], In 1943, a 12-year-old Hassan attended the Casablanca Conference at the Anfa Hotel along with his father, where he met U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Prime Minister Winston Churchill and General Charles de Gaulle. [43], On 16 August 1972, at 17:05 (GMT),[48] during a second attempt, dubbed by the media as the Airmen's coup, six F-5 military jets from the Royal Moroccan Air Force opened fire on the King's Boeing 727 while flying at 3,000 metres altitude over Ttouan on the way to Rabat from Barcelona, following a meeting with Gregorio Lpez-Bravo, the Spanish Minister of Foreign Affairs at the time,[49] killing eight people on board and injuring fifty. He was a member of the 'Alawi dynasty. She married Hassan II in 1961. [3][7] After firing died down, Hassan ended up face-to-face with one of the rebel commanders; he reportedly intimidated the leader of the rebel troops by reciting a verse of the Quran, and the commander knelt and kissed Hassan's right hand. The coup ended the same day when royalist troops took over the palace in combat against the rebels. 1963) Lalla Asma (sz. Prince Moulay Hassan acted as his father's political advisor during the exile. facebook; twitter; linkedin; pinterest; Calvin,Klein,Baby,Blue,Full,Zip,Winter,Hooded,One,Piece,Size,3-6 Hooded 3-6 Baby Size Blue Calvin Piece Zip Klein . (Thomas Stearns), All happy families resemble one another, but each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.Leo Tolstoy (18281910), Blackmail is one of the great pastimes of family life.Mason Cooley (b. Site De Vtement Espagnol Qui Livre En France, [105][106] His first son, Mohammed VI was enthroned and became the de jure King of Morocco a week after Hassan's death. Write by: Also in 1961, Hassan married, Lalla Fatima bint Qaid Ould Hassan Amhourak, a cousin of Latifa Hammou, but they had no children. He had five sisters and one brother ; The king also had one other wife, Lalla Fatima bint Qaid Amhourok with whom married The king also had one other wife, Lalla Fatima bint Qaid Amhourok with whom married also in 1961, they had no children. He took as his second wife, also in 1961, . ervence 1999 Rabat) byl lenem vldnouc marock dynastie Alawit a od roku 1961 a do sv smrti v roce 1999 marock krl. He was also accused of being too close to the West, particularly France and the United States. He married her in 1961. List of battleships of the United States Navy, List of aircraft of the Malaysian Armed Forces, Articles with dead external links from November 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2014, Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, File:Maroc, 50 Dirhams l'effigie du roi Hassan II et 1399 anniversaire de la Marche Verte.jpg, http://www.abc.net.au/foreign/stories/s340307.htm, http://www.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,,515405,00.html, "Laughter, freedom and religion in Morocco", http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/6256131.stm, http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9403363/Morocco, https://archive.is/20130125031459/www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-18135759.html. [95], On 23 July 1999 at 16:30 (GMT),[96] HassanII was pronounced dead from a myocardial infarction by the CHU Ibn Sina Hospital in Rabat, having been hospitalized earlier that day for acute interstitial pneumonitis; he was 70 years old. Quetes xp dofus. As the night wore on, the alcohol began to take effect and his tongue loosened. [citation needed], Hassan's conservative rule, one characterized by a poor human rights record,[1] strengthened the Alaouite dynasty[citation needed]. All the concubines of his father, the late Hassan II, had to leave the palace and were rehoused in flats and apartments. le Roi: Un infarctus du myocarde", "Arab Leaders, Governments Mourn Death of Moroccan King", "BBC News | Monitoring | Region mourns death of King Hassan", "World Leaders Join 2 Million at King's Funeral", "Tribute to His Majesty Hassan II, late King of Morocco - GA plenary meeting - Verbatim records (excerpts)", "Morocco's King Hassan buried as thousands mourn", "Le rgne de Hassan II (1961-1999). At age 70, he died on July 23, 1999 due to natural causes. hassan ii lalla fatima bint qaid amhourok. In addition in 1961, he married , Lalla Fatima bint Qaid Amhourok. King Hassan II of Morocco was born on July 9, 1929, at the Royal Palace in Rabat, then in the French Protectorate of Morocco. Text mining logiciel. From a young age, he was trained to take over the throne from his father. She married the king in 1929 and had five children with him. Hassan's reign was infamous for a poor human rights record labeled as "appalling" by the BBC. The chosen one was the beautiful Lalla Salma, a 24-year-old computer scientist with dark hair who became one of the most stylish queens of international events. Economically, Hassan II adopted a market-based economy, where agriculture, tourism, and phosphates mining industries played a major role. Tube Techno Anne 90, hassan ii lalla fatima bint qaid amhourok, post-template-default,single,single-post,postid-17438,single-format-standard,ajax_fade,page_not_loaded,,qode-theme-ver-6.1,wpb-js-composer js-comp-ver-4.3.5,vc_responsive, Ralit virtuelle(page en construction), Site De Vtement Espagnol Qui Livre En France. [7] M'hamed Ababou gave orders to rebels through Radio-Maroc, ordering the execution of everyone in the palace by asking that "dinner be served to everyone by 7pm" on air. She later graduated as a computer engineer and worked at Ona Group, the most important financial holding company in the country. He was the eldest child of Mohammed V, then Sultan of Morocco (1909-1961), and his second wife Lalla Abla bint Tahar (1909-1992). Women admire her wise and diverse outfits; she wears the usual colorful kaftans with the same verve as the much more refined fashion imported from Paris. The father of Hassan II was Mohammed V of Morocco, his mother was Lalla Abla bint Tahar. Wife, Net Worth, Father, Death, About Yoko Ono: Spouse, Net Worth, Daughter, Death, Children, Kids. 31 Mays 2022 in foe assistant android franais Yorum yaplmam 0 . Copy to clipboard. El seu regnat es va caracteritzar per una poltica repressiva i expansionista; el pas d'un rgim moderat a una monarquia absoluta es va notar noms pujar al poder i gaireb va durar fins al final del . Fatima died in 1992. [54][55] After doing an emergency landing at RabatSal International Airport, Hassan escaped to his palace in Shkirat in an unmarked car. And there she probably has read what Issous scandalous book says about her and her son. King Hassan II (Arabic: , MSA: (a)l-asan a-n, Darija: el-asan ett(s)ni); 9 July 1929 - 23 July 1999) was King of Morocco from 1961 until his death in 1999. [3] General Mohamed Oufkir, Morocco's defense minister, was the man behind the coup and was officially declared to have committed suicide after the attack. [3] He was the first commander-in-chief of the Royal Armed Forces and was named crown prince in 1957. You are here: ary abittan compagne meilleurs coren de paris hassan ii lalla fatima bint qaid amhourok. According to Forbes, the late King Hassan had a net worth of $1 billion in 2013. Mohammed V and his family returned from exile on 16 November 1955. [85], On 3 March 1973, HassanII announced a "Moroccanization" policy, in which state-held assets, agricultural lands, and businesses that were more than 50 percent foreign-owned were taken over and transferred to local companies and businessmen.